素材にとっての重要性
Construction is the tonnage baseline everything else is measured against. It is also where alloying elements do their quietest work: a few hundred grams of niobium per tonne of steel lets a bridge be built with less of it.
その組成
全素材 →| 素材 | ここでの機能 | 重要度 |
|---|---|---|
| Cement | Concrete | 定義 |
| Construction Sand & Gravel | Aggregate in concrete and asphalt | 定義 |
| Copper クリティカル | Wiring and plumbing | 定義 |
| Iron & Steel | Structure, rebar and rail | 定義 |
| Iron Ore | Steel | 定義 |
| Manganese クリティカル | In every tonne of steel | 定義 |
| Metallurgical Coal | Blast-furnace reduction | 定義 |
| Zinc クリティカル | Galvanising | 定義 |
| Aluminium クリティカル | Facades, windows and structure | 重要 |
| Crude Oil | Asphalt and plastics | 重要 |
| Gypsum | Plasterboard | 重要 |
| Lime | Steel refining and soil stabilisation | 重要 |
| Niobium クリティカル | High-strength low-alloy steel | 重要 |
| Vanadium クリティカル | Rebar strengthening | 重要 |
Cement
Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue that holds concrete…
Construction Sand & Gravel
The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.
Copper
The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans have been smelting…
Iron & Steel
Iron with a little carbon in it, and the most-produced manufactured material on the planet.
Iron Ore
Rust-coloured rock that is roughly one-third to two-thirds iron, and the single largest tonnage the mining industry…
Manganese
A brittle grey metal that steel cannot be made without, and that is now being used to stretch scarce nickel and…
