7 materials shown. Production and reserves are USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 2025 estimates, contained metal or gross weight as the source defines for each commodity · source ↗
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| Material | Shelf | World production 2025 | World reserves | Leading producer | U.S. imported | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Oil Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries… | Energy Raw Materials | not published | — | — | — | |
| Metallurgical Coal Coal of the specific quality that, when baked without air, turns into coke — the hard carbon… | Energy Raw Materials | not published | — | — | — | |
| Natural Gas Mostly methane, the lightest hydrocarbon, and the source of nearly all the hydrogen used by… | Energy Raw Materials | not published | — | — | — | |
| Oil Sands & Bitumen Sand soaked in oil so thick it will not flow — it has to be mined like ore or heated… | Energy Raw Materials | not published | — | — | — | |
| Peat Half-rotted plant matter from waterlogged bogs — the first stage on the road from a swamp to a… | Energy Raw Materials | 17,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 13,000,000 | — | 80% | |
| Petroleum Coke The solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium… | Energy Raw Materials | not published | — | — | — | |
| Thermal Coal Coal burned to make steam and therefore electricity — still, despite everything, one of the… | Energy Raw Materials | not published | — | — | — |
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Crude Oil
Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries more energy per litre than…
Metallurgical Coal
Coal of the specific quality that, when baked without air, turns into coke — the hard carbon that both fuels and…
Natural Gas
Mostly methane, the lightest hydrocarbon, and the source of nearly all the hydrogen used by industry today.
Oil Sands & Bitumen
Sand soaked in oil so thick it will not flow — it has to be mined like ore or heated underground before it can move…
Peat
Half-rotted plant matter from waterlogged bogs — the first stage on the road from a swamp to a coal seam.
Petroleum Coke
The solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium smelter anodes and…
Thermal Coal
Coal burned to make steam and therefore electricity — still, despite everything, one of the largest single sources of…