Chemical plant · 6Smelter · 4Separation plant · 4Refinery · 3Semiconductor fab · 2Manufacturing plant · 2Gigafactory · 2Port · 2Magnet plant · 1Enrichment plant · 1
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| Plant | Kind | Stage | Country | Operator | Materials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemlock Semiconductor Polysilicon Plant Hemlock, Michigan | Chemical plant | Refining | United States | Hemlock Semiconductor | High-Purity Quartz, Silicon |
| Huayou Cobalt Refineries Tongxiang, Zhejiang | Chemical plant | Refining | China | Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt | Cobalt, Nickel |
| Kwinana Lithium Hydroxide Plant Kwinana, Western Australia | Chemical plant | Refining | Australia | Tianqi Lithium Energy Australia / IGO | Lithium |
| Port Hope Conversion Facility Port Hope, Ontario | Chemical plant | Refining | Canada | Cameco | Fluorspar, Uranium |
| Qinghai & Sichuan Lithium Chemical Cluster Qinghai and Sichuan | Chemical plant | Refining | China | Ganfeng, Tianqi and others | Lithium |
| Xinjiang & Inner Mongolia Polysilicon Cluster Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia | Chemical plant | Refining | China | Multiple producers | Silicon |
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Hemlock Semiconductor Polysilicon Plant
Semiconductor-grade polysilicon is purified to eleven nines — one impurity atom in a hundred billion. Solar-grade…
Huayou Cobalt Refineries
Roughly three-quarters of world cobalt refining is in China, regardless of where the ore was mined. Refining, not…
Kwinana Lithium Hydroxide Plant
Building conversion capacity next to the mine was meant to be the obvious move. Kwinana showed how hard it is…
Port Hope Conversion Facility
Between the mine and the reactor, uranium has to become uranium hexafluoride so it can be enriched. Only a handful of…
Qinghai & Sichuan Lithium Chemical Cluster
Australia mines the most lithium; China converts the most. Spodumene concentrate is shipped thousands of kilometres…
Xinjiang & Inner Mongolia Polysilicon Cluster
Solar polysilicon migrated to wherever electricity is cheapest, because the Siemens process that makes it is…