Scroll the table sideways for the remaining columns.
| Plant | Kind | Stage | Country | Operator | Materials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ganzhou Rare Earth Cluster Ganzhou, Jiangxi | Separation plant | Refining | China | China Rare Earth Group and affiliates | Dysprosium, Rare Earths (all), Terbium, Yttrium |
| Georges Besse II Enrichment Plant Tricastin, Drôme | Enrichment plant | Refining | France | Orano | Uranium |
| Hemlock Semiconductor Polysilicon Plant Hemlock, Michigan | Chemical plant | Refining | United States | Hemlock Semiconductor | High-Purity Quartz, Silicon |
| Huayou Cobalt Refineries Tongxiang, Zhejiang | Chemical plant | Refining | China | Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt | Cobalt, Nickel |
| Jinchuan Group Smelter-Refinery Jinchang, Gansu | Refinery | Refining | China | Jinchuan Group | Cobalt, Copper, Nickel, Platinum |
| Kwinana Lithium Hydroxide Plant Kwinana, Western Australia | Chemical plant | Refining | Australia | Tianqi Lithium Energy Australia / IGO | Lithium |
| Lynas Advanced Materials Plant, Kuantan Gebeng, Pahang | Separation plant | Refining | Malaysia | Lynas Rare Earths | Cerium, Lanthanum, Neodymium, Praseodymium… |
| Mountain Pass Separation & Metal Plant California | Separation plant | Refining | United States | MP Materials | Neodymium, Praseodymium, Rare Earths (all) |
| Neo Performance Materials, Sillamäe Sillamäe | Separation plant | Refining | Estonia | Neo Performance Materials | Lanthanum, Neodymium, Rare Earths (all) |
| Port Hope Conversion Facility Port Hope, Ontario | Chemical plant | Refining | Canada | Cameco | Fluorspar, Uranium |
| Qinghai & Sichuan Lithium Chemical Cluster Qinghai and Sichuan | Chemical plant | Refining | China | Ganfeng, Tianqi and others | Lithium |
| Rustenburg Base & Precious Metals Refineries Rustenburg, North West | Refinery | Refining | South Africa | Anglo American Platinum / Sibanye-Stillwater | Iridium, Nickel, Palladium, Platinum, Rhodium… |
| Xinjiang & Inner Mongolia Polysilicon Cluster Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia | Chemical plant | Refining | China | Multiple producers | Silicon |
Browse by picture
Ganzhou Rare Earth Cluster
Separating dysprosium and terbium from the other rare earths is chemically the hardest step in the magnet chain, and…
Georges Besse II Enrichment Plant
Centrifuge enrichment raises uranium-235 from 0.7% to 3-5% for power reactors. The technology is dual-use and…
Hemlock Semiconductor Polysilicon Plant
Semiconductor-grade polysilicon is purified to eleven nines — one impurity atom in a hundred billion. Solar-grade…
Huayou Cobalt Refineries
Roughly three-quarters of world cobalt refining is in China, regardless of where the ore was mined. Refining, not…
Jinchuan Group Smelter-Refinery
Jinchuan grew around a single nickel sulfide orebody and became one of the world's largest refiners of cobalt it does…
Kwinana Lithium Hydroxide Plant
Building conversion capacity next to the mine was meant to be the obvious move. Kwinana showed how hard it is…
Lynas Advanced Materials Plant, Kuantan
Ore from Mount Weld in Australia is cracked with sulfuric acid and separated here through hundreds of…
Mountain Pass Separation & Metal Plant
Rebuilding separation at the mine site closed the gap that had made the only US rare-earth mine dependent on Chinese…
Neo Performance Materials, Sillamäe
A Soviet-era uranium and rare-earth plant on the Baltic coast, now the main European separator of rare-earth oxides.
Port Hope Conversion Facility
Between the mine and the reactor, uranium has to become uranium hexafluoride so it can be enriched. Only a handful of…
Qinghai & Sichuan Lithium Chemical Cluster
Australia mines the most lithium; China converts the most. Spodumene concentrate is shipped thousands of kilometres…
Rustenburg Base & Precious Metals Refineries
Separating six chemically similar precious metals from one concentrate takes months of solvent extraction and…
Xinjiang & Inner Mongolia Polysilicon Cluster
Solar polysilicon migrated to wherever electricity is cheapest, because the Siemens process that makes it is…