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Single-Crystal Turbine Blade

Structures · Aerospace & Defence

Single-Crystal Turbine Blade

A turbine blade grown as one continuous crystal so it has no grain boundaries to creep along.

255 GRC 1979 03464 EEE - 2 piece single crystal HTP blade · Photographer: JACK DARGINSKY · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Commercial Aerospace & Defence

What it is

The blade runs in gas above the alloy's own melting point. It survives because of internal cooling channels, a ceramic thermal barrier, and rhenium and hafnium in the alloy.

The material bill

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Quantities are per blade setindicative range

Read these as “about this much, give or take”. Every manufacturer’s design differs, and the numbers fall over time as engineers learn to use less of the expensive things.
MaterialLowHigh UnitBasis
Cobalt critical trace trace kgAlloy matrix
Hafnium critical trace trace kgGrain-boundary strengthening
Nickel critical Typically 60% or more of the alloy. trace trace kgSuperalloy base
Rhenium critical A few percent of a metal produced in tens of tonnes a year worldwide. trace trace kg3-6% of second and third generation superalloys
Tantalum critical trace trace kgSolid-solution strengthening
Yttrium critical trace trace kgYttria-stabilised zirconia coating

Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. Rows marked “trace” contain the material in quantities too small to state usefully as a mass — the constraint there is purity or supplier count, not tonnage.

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