其定义
This one component is the largest single use of platinum, palladium and rhodium. Its demand falls with every combustion car replaced, and it is the most-recycled precious-metal product in the world.
材料清单
放大规模 →数量为 per vehicle参考区间
| 材料 | 低 | 高 | 单位 | 基准 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerium 关键 | 0.02 | 0.1 | kg | Oxygen storage in the washcoat |
| Platinum 关键 | 0.002 | 0.008 | kg | Coating, mostly diesel |
| Palladium 关键 | 0.002 | 0.007 | kg | Coating, petrol engines |
| Rhodium 关键 No practical substitute. | 0.0002 | 0.001 | kg | Nitrogen-oxide reduction |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. 标注为"微量"的行表示该物料含量极低，无法以质量形式有效表达——其制约因素在于纯度或供应商数量，而非吨位。
替代方案
替代是材料领域最被低估的力量。当某种金属价格高涨或在政治上难以获取时，工程师便会绕开它进行设计——整座矿山的需求可能因此消失殆尽。
Alkaline Electrolyser
The century-old design: steel, nickel and potassium hydroxide, with no precious metals at all.
HVDC Transmission Cable
High-voltage direct-current cable, the technology used to move power hundreds of kilometres with low loss.
PEM Electrolyser
Splits water using a polymer membrane, platinum and iridium — fast-responding but catalyst-hungry.
Pressurised Water Reactor
The most common reactor design: enriched uranium fuel in zirconium tubes, water as both coolant and moderator.