Lo que es
NMC packs more energy into the same weight than the alternatives, which is why long-range vehicles and most Western-built cars use it. The trade is cost, and dependence on nickel and cobalt.
La lista de materiales
Escálelo →Las cantidades son per 75 kWh packrango indicativo
| Material | Bajo | Alto | Unidad | Base |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graphite crítico Roughly 1 kg of anode material per kWh. | 50.00 | 80.00 | kg | Anode active material |
| Nickel crítico NMC811 cathode is roughly 0.7 kg Ni per kWh. | 40.00 | 60.00 | kg | Contained nickel |
| Aluminium crítico | 20.00 | 35.00 | kg | Cathode foil, cell cans and pack casing |
| Copper crítico | 15.00 | 25.00 | kg | Foil and busbars, cell and pack only |
| Cobalt crítico Falls sharply as cathodes move from NMC622 to NMC811. | 5.00 | 9.00 | kg | Contained cobalt |
| Lithium crítico About 0.10 kg Li per kWh of cell capacity. | 6.00 | 9.00 | kg contained lithium | Contained metal, not carbonate |
| Manganese crítico | 5.00 | 9.00 | kg | Contained manganese |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. Las filas marcadas como «traza» contienen el material en cantidades demasiado pequeñas para expresarse de forma útil como masa; la restricción allí es la pureza o el número de proveedores, no el tonelaje.
Las alternativas
La sustitución es la fuerza más subestimada en materiales. Cuando un metal se encarece o resulta políticamente problemático, los ingenieros diseñan soluciones alternativas — y la demanda de una mina entera puede desvanecerse.
LFP Lithium-Ion Battery
Iron and phosphate instead of nickel and cobalt: heavier, cheaper, safer and very long-lived.
Sodium-Ion Battery
A cell that uses sodium — from ordinary salt — instead of lithium, at the cost of energy density.
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
A battery that stores its energy in two tanks of dissolved vanadium, so power and capacity scale separately.