Ce que c'est
NMC packs more energy into the same weight than the alternatives, which is why long-range vehicles and most Western-built cars use it. The trade is cost, and dependence on nickel and cobalt.
Le bilan matière
Changer d'échelle →Les quantités sont per 75 kWh packfourchette indicative
| Matériau | Faible | Élevé | Unité | Base |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graphite critique Roughly 1 kg of anode material per kWh. | 50.00 | 80.00 | kg | Anode active material |
| Nickel critique NMC811 cathode is roughly 0.7 kg Ni per kWh. | 40.00 | 60.00 | kg | Contained nickel |
| Aluminium critique | 20.00 | 35.00 | kg | Cathode foil, cell cans and pack casing |
| Copper critique | 15.00 | 25.00 | kg | Foil and busbars, cell and pack only |
| Cobalt critique Falls sharply as cathodes move from NMC622 to NMC811. | 5.00 | 9.00 | kg | Contained cobalt |
| Lithium critique About 0.10 kg Li per kWh of cell capacity. | 6.00 | 9.00 | kg contained lithium | Contained metal, not carbonate |
| Manganese critique | 5.00 | 9.00 | kg | Contained manganese |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. Les lignes marquées « trace » contiennent la matière en quantités trop faibles pour être exprimées utilement en masse — la contrainte est alors la pureté ou le nombre de fournisseurs, non le tonnage.
Les alternatives
La substitution est la force la plus sous-estimée dans le domaine des matériaux. Lorsqu'un métal devient coûteux ou politiquement difficile, les ingénieurs le contournent dans leurs conceptions — et la demande pour toute une mine peut s'évaporer.
LFP Lithium-Ion Battery
Iron and phosphate instead of nickel and cobalt: heavier, cheaper, safer and very long-lived.
Sodium-Ion Battery
A cell that uses sodium — from ordinary salt — instead of lithium, at the cost of energy density.
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
A battery that stores its energy in two tanks of dissolved vanadium, so power and capacity scale separately.