O que é
NMC packs more energy into the same weight than the alternatives, which is why long-range vehicles and most Western-built cars use it. The trade is cost, and dependence on nickel and cobalt.
A lista de materiais
Escale →As quantidades são per 75 kWh packintervalo indicativo
| Material | Baixo | Alto | Unidade | Base |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graphite crítico Roughly 1 kg of anode material per kWh. | 50.00 | 80.00 | kg | Anode active material |
| Nickel crítico NMC811 cathode is roughly 0.7 kg Ni per kWh. | 40.00 | 60.00 | kg | Contained nickel |
| Aluminium crítico | 20.00 | 35.00 | kg | Cathode foil, cell cans and pack casing |
| Copper crítico | 15.00 | 25.00 | kg | Foil and busbars, cell and pack only |
| Cobalt crítico Falls sharply as cathodes move from NMC622 to NMC811. | 5.00 | 9.00 | kg | Contained cobalt |
| Lithium crítico About 0.10 kg Li per kWh of cell capacity. | 6.00 | 9.00 | kg contained lithium | Contained metal, not carbonate |
| Manganese crítico | 5.00 | 9.00 | kg | Contained manganese |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. As linhas marcadas como "traço" contêm o material em quantidades pequenas demais para serem expressas de forma útil como massa — o condicionante é a pureza ou o número de fornecedores, não a tonelagem.
As alternativas
A substituição é a força mais subestimada nos materiais. Quando um metal se torna caro ou politicamente problemático, os engenheiros projetam à sua volta — e a procura de uma mina inteira pode evaporar.
LFP Lithium-Ion Battery
Iron and phosphate instead of nickel and cobalt: heavier, cheaper, safer and very long-lived.
Sodium-Ion Battery
A cell that uses sodium — from ordinary salt — instead of lithium, at the cost of energy density.
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
A battery that stores its energy in two tanks of dissolved vanadium, so power and capacity scale separately.