其定义
NMC packs more energy into the same weight than the alternatives, which is why long-range vehicles and most Western-built cars use it. The trade is cost, and dependence on nickel and cobalt.
材料清单
放大规模 →数量为 per 75 kWh pack参考区间
| 材料 | 低 | 高 | 单位 | 基准 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graphite 关键 Roughly 1 kg of anode material per kWh. | 50.00 | 80.00 | kg | Anode active material |
| Nickel 关键 NMC811 cathode is roughly 0.7 kg Ni per kWh. | 40.00 | 60.00 | kg | Contained nickel |
| Aluminium 关键 | 20.00 | 35.00 | kg | Cathode foil, cell cans and pack casing |
| Copper 关键 | 15.00 | 25.00 | kg | Foil and busbars, cell and pack only |
| Cobalt 关键 Falls sharply as cathodes move from NMC622 to NMC811. | 5.00 | 9.00 | kg | Contained cobalt |
| Lithium 关键 About 0.10 kg Li per kWh of cell capacity. | 6.00 | 9.00 | kg contained lithium | Contained metal, not carbonate |
| Manganese 关键 | 5.00 | 9.00 | kg | Contained manganese |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. 标注为"微量"的行表示该物料含量极低，无法以质量形式有效表达——其制约因素在于纯度或供应商数量，而非吨位。
替代方案
替代是材料领域最被低估的力量。当某种金属价格高涨或在政治上难以获取时，工程师便会绕开它进行设计——整座矿山的需求可能因此消失殆尽。
LFP Lithium-Ion Battery
Iron and phosphate instead of nickel and cobalt: heavier, cheaper, safer and very long-lived.
Sodium-Ion Battery
A cell that uses sodium — from ordinary salt — instead of lithium, at the cost of energy density.
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
A battery that stores its energy in two tanks of dissolved vanadium, so power and capacity scale separately.