Apa itu
PEM handles variable renewable power well, which is exactly what a hydrogen project needs. The catch is iridium: world production is a few tonnes a year and PEM needs it on every anode.
Daftar kebutuhan material
Skalakan →Kuantitas adalah per MW of capacitykisaran indikatif
| Material | Rendah | Tinggi | Satuan | Dasar |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper kritis | 500.0 | 1,500 | kg | Very high-current power delivery |
| Titanium kritis | 200.0 | 600.0 | kg | Bipolar plates and porous transport layers |
| Iridium kritis Loadings are falling but remain the binding constraint. | 0.3 | 0.7 | kg | Anode catalyst loading |
| Platinum kritis | 0.1 | 0.3 | kg | Cathode catalyst |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. Baris yang ditandai "trace" mengandung material dalam jumlah yang terlalu kecil untuk dinyatakan secara bermakna sebagai massa — kendala di sini adalah kemurnian atau jumlah pemasok, bukan tonase.
Alternatif-alternatifnya
Substitusi adalah kekuatan yang paling diremehkan dalam dunia material. Ketika sebuah logam menjadi mahal atau sulit secara politis, para insinyur merancang solusi alternatifnya — dan permintaan terhadap seluruh tambang bisa lenyap begitu saja.
Alkaline Electrolyser
The century-old design: steel, nickel and potassium hydroxide, with no precious metals at all.
HVDC Transmission Cable
High-voltage direct-current cable, the technology used to move power hundreds of kilometres with low loss.
Pressurised Water Reactor
The most common reactor design: enriched uranium fuel in zirconium tubes, water as both coolant and moderator.
Three-Way Catalytic Converter
The ceramic honeycomb in an exhaust that converts three pollutants at once, coated in platinum-group metals.