O que é
PEM handles variable renewable power well, which is exactly what a hydrogen project needs. The catch is iridium: world production is a few tonnes a year and PEM needs it on every anode.
A lista de materiais
Escale →As quantidades são per MW of capacityintervalo indicativo
| Material | Baixo | Alto | Unidade | Base |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper crítico | 500.0 | 1,500 | kg | Very high-current power delivery |
| Titanium crítico | 200.0 | 600.0 | kg | Bipolar plates and porous transport layers |
| Iridium crítico Loadings are falling but remain the binding constraint. | 0.3 | 0.7 | kg | Anode catalyst loading |
| Platinum crítico | 0.1 | 0.3 | kg | Cathode catalyst |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. As linhas marcadas como "traço" contêm o material em quantidades pequenas demais para serem expressas de forma útil como massa — o condicionante é a pureza ou o número de fornecedores, não a tonelagem.
As alternativas
A substituição é a força mais subestimada nos materiais. Quando um metal se torna caro ou politicamente problemático, os engenheiros projetam à sua volta — e a procura de uma mina inteira pode evaporar.
Alkaline Electrolyser
The century-old design: steel, nickel and potassium hydroxide, with no precious metals at all.
HVDC Transmission Cable
High-voltage direct-current cable, the technology used to move power hundreds of kilometres with low loss.
Pressurised Water Reactor
The most common reactor design: enriched uranium fuel in zirconium tubes, water as both coolant and moderator.
Three-Way Catalytic Converter
The ceramic honeycomb in an exhaust that converts three pollutants at once, coated in platinum-group metals.