其定义
PEM handles variable renewable power well, which is exactly what a hydrogen project needs. The catch is iridium: world production is a few tonnes a year and PEM needs it on every anode.
材料清单
放大规模 →数量为 per MW of capacity参考区间
| 材料 | 低 | 高 | 单位 | 基准 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper 关键 | 500.0 | 1,500 | kg | Very high-current power delivery |
| Titanium 关键 | 200.0 | 600.0 | kg | Bipolar plates and porous transport layers |
| Iridium 关键 Loadings are falling but remain the binding constraint. | 0.3 | 0.7 | kg | Anode catalyst loading |
| Platinum 关键 | 0.1 | 0.3 | kg | Cathode catalyst |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. 标注为"微量"的行表示该物料含量极低，无法以质量形式有效表达——其制约因素在于纯度或供应商数量，而非吨位。
替代方案
替代是材料领域最被低估的力量。当某种金属价格高涨或在政治上难以获取时，工程师便会绕开它进行设计——整座矿山的需求可能因此消失殆尽。
Alkaline Electrolyser
The century-old design: steel, nickel and potassium hydroxide, with no precious metals at all.
HVDC Transmission Cable
High-voltage direct-current cable, the technology used to move power hundreds of kilometres with low loss.
Pressurised Water Reactor
The most common reactor design: enriched uranium fuel in zirconium tubes, water as both coolant and moderator.
Three-Way Catalytic Converter
The ceramic honeycomb in an exhaust that converts three pollutants at once, coated in platinum-group metals.