Lo que es
Sodium-ion removes lithium, cobalt, nickel and often copper from the bill. It is heavier per kilowatt-hour, which rules it out for long-range cars and rules it in for grid storage and small vehicles.
La lista de materiales
Escálelo →Las cantidades son per 75 kWh equivalentrango indicativo
| Material | Bajo | Alto | Unidad | Base |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salt | 30.00 | 60.00 | kg | Sodium source |
| Aluminium crítico Removes the copper foil entirely. | 25.00 | 45.00 | kg | Both current collectors can be aluminium |
| Manganese crítico | 10.00 | 30.00 | kg | Layered-oxide cathode variants |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. Las filas marcadas como «traza» contienen el material en cantidades demasiado pequeñas para expresarse de forma útil como masa; la restricción allí es la pureza o el número de proveedores, no el tonelaje.
Las alternativas
La sustitución es la fuerza más subestimada en materiales. Cuando un metal se encarece o resulta políticamente problemático, los ingenieros diseñan soluciones alternativas — y la demanda de una mina entera puede desvanecerse.
LFP Lithium-Ion Battery
Iron and phosphate instead of nickel and cobalt: heavier, cheaper, safer and very long-lived.
NMC Lithium-Ion Battery
The high-energy chemistry — nickel, manganese and cobalt in the cathode — used where range matters most.
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
A battery that stores its energy in two tanks of dissolved vanadium, so power and capacity scale separately.