其定义
Sodium-ion removes lithium, cobalt, nickel and often copper from the bill. It is heavier per kilowatt-hour, which rules it out for long-range cars and rules it in for grid storage and small vehicles.
材料清单
放大规模 →数量为 per 75 kWh equivalent参考区间
| 材料 | 低 | 高 | 单位 | 基准 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salt | 30.00 | 60.00 | kg | Sodium source |
| Aluminium 关键 Removes the copper foil entirely. | 25.00 | 45.00 | kg | Both current collectors can be aluminium |
| Manganese 关键 | 10.00 | 30.00 | kg | Layered-oxide cathode variants |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. 标注为"微量"的行表示该物料含量极低，无法以质量形式有效表达——其制约因素在于纯度或供应商数量，而非吨位。
替代方案
替代是材料领域最被低估的力量。当某种金属价格高涨或在政治上难以获取时，工程师便会绕开它进行设计——整座矿山的需求可能因此消失殆尽。
LFP Lithium-Ion Battery
Iron and phosphate instead of nickel and cobalt: heavier, cheaper, safer and very long-lived.
NMC Lithium-Ion Battery
The high-energy chemistry — nickel, manganese and cobalt in the cathode — used where range matters most.
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
A battery that stores its energy in two tanks of dissolved vanadium, so power and capacity scale separately.