Apa ini?
A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that holds its strength when red hot.
Mengapa ini penting?
It is the stability ingredient in high-energy batteries and in the superalloy blades of jet engines — and roughly three-quarters of it comes out of one country.
Bagian tulisan lebih mendalam untuk bahan baku ini belum diterbitkan. Semua yang tercantum di bawah diambil langsung dari kumpulan data sumber dan sudah lengkap.
Dari mana asalnya di dalam batuan
Semua mineral bijih →Inilah mineral yang sesungguhnya menjadi pembawa cobalt. Suatu endapan hanya menjadi badan bijih jika salah satunya cukup terkonsentrasi untuk menutup biaya penambangannya.
Heterogenite
The oxidised cobalt mineral of the Central African Copperbelt, and the ore most artisanal cobalt mining targets.
Cobaltite
A primary cobalt mineral, though most cobalt is actually recovered from copper and nickel ores rather than from cobalt…
Pentlandite
The main nickel sulfide ore mineral, and the host that also carries most by-product platinum-group metals.
Siapa yang memproduksinya
Lihat di peta →Mine production
Mine productionmetric tons 2025 (estimasi) Total dunia 310,000 metric tons
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · Tonnages are contained cobalt. Most of it is not mined for its own sake. · sumber ↗
Gulir tabel ke samping untuk melihat kolom-kolom yang tersisa.
| Negara | Produksi | Pangsa dunia |
|---|---|---|
| Congo (Kinshasa) | 230,000 | 74.2% |
| Indonesia | 44,000 | 14.2% |
| Other countries | 9,100 | 2.9% |
| Russia | 7,700 | 2.5% |
| Madagascar | 3,900 | 1.3% |
| Australia | 3,700 | 1.2% |
| Philippines | 3,700 | 1.2% |
| Canada | 3,500 | 1.1% |
| Papua New Guinea | 2,800 | 0.9% |
| Cuba | 2,000 | 0.6% |
| China | 2,000 | 0.6% |
| Turkey | 1,900 | 0.6% |
| United States | 300.0 | 0.1% |
| Total dunia | 310,000 | 100% |
"Ditahan" berarti USGS menyembunyikan angka tersebut untuk menghindari pengungkapan data perusahaan tertentu — bukan berarti nol. Baris per negara tidak selalu berjumlah sama dengan total dunia karena sumber membulatkan setiap angka secara independen dan tidak selalu merinci baris "negara lain".
Siapa yang memegang cadangan
Reserves
Reservesmetric tons 2025
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · sumber ↗
| Negara | Cadangan | Pangsa dunia |
|---|---|---|
| Congo (Kinshasa) | 6,000,000 | 50.0% |
| Australia | 1,700,000 | 14.2% |
| Russia | 800,000 | 6.7% |
| Other countries | 780,000 | 6.5% |
| Indonesia | 760,000 | 6.3% |
| Cuba | 500,000 | 4.2% |
| Philippines | 260,000 | 2.2% |
| Canada | 220,000 | 1.8% |
| China | 160,000 | 1.3% |
| Madagascar | 100,000 | 0.8% |
| Turkey | 91,000 | 0.8% |
| Papua New Guinea | 84,000 | 0.7% |
| United States | 70,000 | 0.6% |
| Total dunia | 12,000,000 | 100% |
Harga
average, dollars per pound: U.S. spot, cathode
Rata-rata tahunandollars per pound
Dasar: average, dollars per pound: U.S. spot, cathode. Rata-rata tahunan sebagaimana diterbitkan dalam USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · sumber ↗. Ini adalah rata-rata tahunan referensi, bukan kuotasi pasar secara langsung.
average, dollars per pound: London Metal Exchange (LME), cash
Rata-rata tahunandollars per pound
Dasar: average, dollars per pound: London Metal Exchange (LME), cash. Rata-rata tahunan sebagaimana diterbitkan dalam USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · sumber ↗. Ini adalah rata-rata tahunan referensi, bukan kuotasi pasar secara langsung.
Tambang yang memproduksinya
Semua tambang →
Kamoto (KCC)
Among the world's largest cobalt producers.
Tenke Fungurume
One of the largest cobalt sources on Earth.
Kamoa-Kakula
One of the highest-grade large copper deposits discovered in decades.
Norilsk-Talnakh
The largest palladium source in the world and a major nickel producer.
Sorowako
One of Indonesia's long-established integrated nickel operations.
Sudbury Basin
One of the longest-producing nickel districts on Earth.
Di mana material diproses dan dimurnikan
| Fasilitas | Jenis | Tahap | Negara | Peran |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gigafactory Nevada | Gigafabrik | Komponen | United States | Masukan |
| TSMC Fab 18, Tainan | Fab semikonduktor | Komponen | Taiwan | Masukan |
| Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park | Smelter | Pemrosesan | Indonesia | Keluaran |
| Aero-Engine Turbine Plant, Derby | Pabrik manufaktur | Produk | United Kingdom | Masukan |
| Huayou Cobalt Refineries | Pabrik kimia | Pemurnian | China | Masukan |
| Jinchuan Group Smelter-Refinery | Kilang | Pemurnian | China | Keluaran |
Untuk apa digunakan
Semua pasar akhir →| Pasar akhir | Apa yang dilakukannya di sana | Kepentingan |
|---|---|---|
| Electric Vehicles | Keeps the cathode structurally stable | Mendefinisikan |
| Aerospace & Defence | Superalloy binder and magnets | Mendefinisikan |
| Consumer Electronics | High-density battery cathode | Mendefinisikan |
| Semiconductors | Liner and interconnect at small nodes | Penting |
| Medicine & Health | Radiotherapy sources and implant alloys | Penting |
Seberapa banyak yang dibutuhkan suatu teknologi
| Teknologi | Kuantitas | Dikutip | Dasar |
|---|---|---|---|
| NMC Lithium-Ion Battery Falls sharply as cathodes move from NMC622 to NMC811. | 5.00–9.00 kg | per 75 kWh pack | Contained cobalt |
| Single-Crystal Turbine Blade | jejak | per blade set | Alloy matrix |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. Jalankan angka-angka ini pada skala berapa pun dalam kalkulator material →
Kontrol ekspor
| Negara | Kontrol | Berlaku untuk |
|---|---|---|
| Congo (Kinshasa) | Export quota | Cobalt (2025). ↗ |
| Namibia | Export ban | Ores and concentrates of cobalt, graphite, lithium, manganese, and rare earths (2023). ↗ |
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, table 4 — controls in effect as of January 2026, excluding controls since lifted.
Ikuti melintasi perbatasan
Semua perjalanan →Ke mana kiriman material ini sebenarnya pergi — setiap negara, setiap pengelola, dan apa yang tersisa di setiap langkah.
Congolese cobalt to a battery cathode A metal almost nobody mines on purpose, carried out of a landlocked country by truck. Congolese oxide ore to finished cathode, without a smelter When the ore is oxide, acid will do what a smelter would otherwise have to. Indonesian laterite to a battery cathode A country that banned raw ore exports and built the processing industry instead.