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mines section

De ondergrond

Mijnen en afzettingen

Benoemde operaties: het ertslichaam waarop elk zich bevindt, wie ze beheert, wat er uitkomt en wat er als bijproduct meekomt. Vrijwel niets wordt alleen gewonnen — de meeste metalen komen als bijproduct van iets anders.

Big truck looks small in an open pit mine · Rob and Stephanie Levy from Townsville, Australia · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons

44 operaties. Exploitant en eigendom zijn zoals openbaar gerapporteerd door de exploitanten; de schaal wordt beschreven in plaats van vastgesteld met een productiecijfer, tenzij de exploitant er een publiceert.

Schuif de tabel zijwaarts voor de overige kolommen.

MijnLand OperatorType AfzettingProduceertSinds
Athabasca Oil Sands (Mildred Lake / Aurora) Alberta Canada Syncrude / SuncorTruck-en-shovel dagbouw Bitumen-saturated sandOil Sands & Bitumen, Crude Oil, Sulfur 1967
Bayan Obo Inner Mongolia China Baogang GroupDagbouw Carbonatite-hosted iron-REE-niobiumRare Earths (all), Cerium, Iron Ore, Lanthanum… 1957
Bingham Canyon Utah United States Rio Tinto KennecottDagbouw Porphyry copperCopper, Gold, Molybdenum, Silver 1906
Bowen Basin Queensland Australia BHP Mitsubishi Alliance and othersDagbouw en ondergrondse langwandmijnbouw Permian coal measuresMetallurgical Coal 1960
Cannington Queensland Australia South32Ondergronds Broken Hill-type silver-lead-zincSilver, Lead, Zinc 1997
Carajás Pará Brazil ValeDagbouw Banded iron formationIron Ore, Copper, Manganese, Gold 1985
Cerro Verde Arequipa Peru Freeport-McMoRanDagbouw Porphyry copperCopper, Molybdenum, Silver 1976
Chuquicamata Antofagasta Chile CodelcoOndergronds (omgezet vanuit dagbouw) Porphyry copperCopper, Molybdenum 1910
Cigar Lake Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan Canada CamecoOndergronds, jet-boring door bevroren grond Unconformity-related uraniumUranium 2014
Collahuasi Tarapacá Chile Compañía Minera Doña Inés de CollahuasiDagbouw Porphyry copperCopper, Molybdenum, Silver 1999
El Teniente O'Higgins Chile CodelcoOndergrondse blokcaving Porphyry copperCopper, Molybdenum 1905
Escondida Antofagasta, Atacama Desert Chile BHPDagbouw + uitloging Porphyry copperCopper, Gold, Molybdenum, Silver 1990
Esterhazy Saskatchewan Canada MosaicOndergronds Bedded evaporite potashPotash 1962
Goulamina Bougouni Mali Lithium du MaliDagbouw LCT pegmatiteLithium 2024
Grasberg Papua Indonesia Freeport-McMoRan / PT-FIOndergrondse blokcaving (voorheen dagbouw) Porphyry / skarn copper-goldCopper, Gold, Silver 1973
Greenbushes Western Australia Australia Talison LithiumDagbouw Zoned pegmatiteLithium, Tantalum 1888
Groote Eylandt (GEMCO) Northern Territory Australia South32Dagbouw Sedimentary manganeseManganese 1965
Jwaneng Naledi River valley Botswana DebswanaDagbouw Kimberlite pipeDiamond (Industrial) 1982
Kalgoorlie Super Pit (Fimiston) Western Australia Australia Northern Star ResourcesDagbouw Archaean orogenic goldGold, Silver 1989
Kamoa-Kakula Lualaba Democratic Republic of the Congo Kamoa Copper SAOndergronds Sediment-hosted stratiform copperCopper, Cobalt 2021
Kamoto (KCC) Kolwezi Democratic Republic of the Congo Kamoto Copper CompanyOndergronds + dagbouw Sediment-hosted copper-cobaltCopper, Cobalt 1969
Khouribga Oulad Abdoun Basin Morocco OCP GroupDagbouw Sedimentary phosphoritePhosphate Rock 1921
Moanda Haut-Ogooué Gabon Eramet / ComilogDagbouw Sedimentary manganeseManganese 1962
Mogalakwena Limpopo, Bushveld Complex South Africa Anglo American PlatinumDagbouw Layered mafic intrusion (Platreef)Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, Copper, Nickel 1993
Morenci Arizona United States Freeport-McMoRanDagbouw + SX-EW-uitloging Porphyry copperCopper, Molybdenum 1872
Mount Weld Western Australia Australia Lynas Rare EarthsDagbouw Weathered carbonatiteRare Earths (all), Neodymium, Praseodymium 2011
Mountain Pass California United States MP MaterialsDagbouw CarbonatiteRare Earths (all), Cerium, Lanthanum, Neodymium… 1952
Mponeng Gauteng, Witwatersrand South Africa Harmony GoldOndergronds Witwatersrand conglomerate reefGold, Uranium 1986
Mutanda Lualaba Democratic Republic of the Congo GlencoreDagbouw Sediment-hosted copper-cobaltCobalt, Copper 2012
Norilsk-Talnakh Krasnoyarsk Krai, Siberia Russia NornickelOndergronds Magmatic nickel-copper-PGM sulfideNickel, Copper, Palladium, Platinum, Cobalt, Rhodium 1935
Olympic Dam South Australia Australia BHPOndergronds Iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG)Copper, Uranium, Gold, Silver 1988
Oyu Tolgoi South Gobi Mongolia Rio TintoDagbouw + ondergrondse blokkenstorting Porphyry copper-goldCopper, Gold, Silver 2013
Pilbara Iron Ore District Western Australia Australia Rio Tinto, BHP, FMG, HancockDagbouw Banded iron formation, hematite enrichmentIron Ore 1966
Pilgangoora Pilbara, Western Australia Australia Pilbara MineralsDagbouw LCT pegmatiteLithium, Tantalum 2018
Red Dog Alaska United States Teck ResourcesDagbouw Sediment-hosted zinc-lead (SEDEX)Zinc, Lead, Germanium 1989
Salar de Atacama Antofagasta Chile SQM and AlbemarlePekelindamping Salar brineLithium, Potash, Boron 1984
Salar del Hombre Muerto Catamarca / Salta Argentina Arcadium Lithium (Rio Tinto)Pekel, selectieve adsorptie Salar brineLithium 1998
Sorowako Sulawesi Indonesia PT Vale IndonesiaDagbouw + smelter Nickel lateriteNickel, Cobalt 1977
Southern China Ion-Adsorption Clays Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian China Multiple state-consolidated producersIn-situ-uitloging van verweerd graniet Ion-adsorption clayRare Earths (all), Dysprosium, Gadolinium, Terbium… 1970
Sudbury Basin Ontario Canada Vale and GlencoreOndergronds Impact-related magmatic sulfideNickel, Copper, Cobalt, Palladium, Platinum 1883
Tenke Fungurume Lualaba Democratic Republic of the Congo CMOCDagbouw + hydrometallurgische installatie Sediment-hosted copper-cobaltCopper, Cobalt 2009
Thacker Pass Nevada United States Lithium AmericasDagbouw + zuuruitloging Volcano-sedimentary claystoneLithium
Udachny Sakha (Yakutia) Russia AlrosaOndergronds (voorheen dagbouw) Kimberlite pipeDiamond (Industrial) 1971
Xikuangshan Hunan China Chinese state and provincial producersOndergronds Stibnite vein and stratabound antimonyAntimony 1897

Bladeren op afbeelding

Athabasca Oil Sands (Mildred Lake / Aurora)

Athabasca Oil Sands (Mildred Lake / Aurora)

Among the largest surface mining operations in the world by material moved.

CanadaTruck-and-shovel surfa
Bayan Obo

Bayan Obo

The largest rare-earth deposit in the world.

ChinaOpen pit
Bingham Canyon

Bingham Canyon

The largest excavation made by people.

United StatesOpen pit
Bowen Basin

Bowen Basin

The largest seaborne source of hard coking coal.

AustraliaOpen pit and undergrou
Cannington

Cannington

One of the largest single silver producers in the world.

AustraliaUnderground
Carajás

Carajás

The highest-grade large iron-ore operation in the world.

BrazilOpen pit
Cerro Verde

Cerro Verde

One of the largest concentrator complexes in the world by throughput.

PeruOpen pit
Chuquicamata

Chuquicamata

Historically the largest open-pit copper mine in the world by excavated volume.

ChileUnderground (converted
Cigar Lake

Cigar Lake

The highest-grade large uranium mine in the world.

CanadaUnderground, jet-borin
Collahuasi

Collahuasi

Among the largest copper mines by output.

ChileOpen pit
El Teniente

El Teniente

The largest underground copper mine in the world by excavated extent.

ChileUnderground block cave
Escondida

Escondida

Consistently the largest copper mine in the world by output.

ChileOpen pit + leach
Esterhazy

Esterhazy

The largest potash mine in the world.

CanadaUnderground
Goulamina

Goulamina

One of the mines behind Mali's sudden appearance in world lithium statistics.

MaliOpen pit
Grasberg

Grasberg

One of the largest copper deposits and among the largest gold deposits ever mined.

IndonesiaUnderground block cave
Greenbushes

Greenbushes

The largest hard-rock lithium mine in the world.

AustraliaOpen pit
Groote Eylandt (GEMCO)

Groote Eylandt (GEMCO)

One of the largest and highest-grade manganese operations in the world.

AustraliaOpen pit
Jwaneng

Jwaneng

The richest diamond mine in the world by value.

BotswanaOpen pit
Kalgoorlie Super Pit (Fimiston)

Kalgoorlie Super Pit (Fimiston)

One of the largest open-pit gold mines in the world.

AustraliaOpen pit
Kamoa-Kakula

Kamoa-Kakula

One of the highest-grade large copper deposits discovered in decades.

Democratic Republic of the CongoUnderground
Kamoto (KCC)

Kamoto (KCC)

Among the world's largest cobalt producers.

Democratic Republic of the CongoUnderground + open pit
Khouribga

Khouribga

Part of the largest phosphate reserve base in the world.

MoroccoOpen pit
Moanda

Moanda

One of the world's largest manganese deposits.

GabonOpen pit
Mogalakwena

Mogalakwena

The largest open-pit platinum-group metals mine in the world.

South AfricaOpen pit
Morenci

Morenci

The largest copper operation in North America.

United StatesOpen pit + SX-EW leach

Mount Weld

The mine behind the largest rare-earth separation capacity outside China.

AustraliaOpen pit
Mountain Pass

Mountain Pass

The only operating rare-earth mine in the United States.

United StatesOpen pit
Mponeng

Mponeng

The deepest mine on Earth, working below 4 km.

South AfricaUnderground
Mutanda

Mutanda

At times the single largest cobalt mine in the world.

Democratic Republic of the CongoOpen pit
Norilsk-Talnakh

Norilsk-Talnakh

The largest palladium source in the world and a major nickel producer.

RussiaUnderground
Olympic Dam

Olympic Dam

One of the largest single orebodies of any kind, holding copper, uranium, gold and silver together.

AustraliaUnderground
Oyu Tolgoi

Oyu Tolgoi

Expected to become one of the largest copper mines in the world as the block cave ramps up.

MongoliaOpen pit + underground
Pilbara Iron Ore District

Pilbara Iron Ore District

The largest iron-ore export region in the world.

AustraliaOpen pit

Pilgangoora

One of the largest independent hard-rock lithium operations.

AustraliaOpen pit
Red Dog

Red Dog

One of the largest zinc mines in the world.

United StatesOpen pit
Salar de Atacama

Salar de Atacama

The highest-grade and most productive lithium brine operation in the world.

ChileBrine evaporation
Salar del Hombre Muerto

Salar del Hombre Muerto

The longest-running direct lithium extraction operation in the world.

ArgentinaBrine, selective adsorption
Sorowako

Sorowako

One of Indonesia's long-established integrated nickel operations.

IndonesiaOpen pit + smelter
Southern China Ion-Adsorption Clays

Southern China Ion-Adsorption Clays

Historically the dominant world source of heavy rare earths.

ChinaIn-situ leaching of we
Sudbury Basin

Sudbury Basin

One of the longest-producing nickel districts on Earth.

CanadaUnderground
Tenke Fungurume

Tenke Fungurume

One of the largest cobalt sources on Earth.

Democratic Republic of the CongoOpen pit + hydrometall
Thacker Pass

Thacker Pass

The largest known lithium resource in the United States.

United StatesOpen pit + acid leach
Udachny

Udachny

One of the world's largest diamond operations.

RussiaUnderground (formerly
Xikuangshan

Xikuangshan

The largest antimony deposit in the world, often called the 'antimony capital'.

ChinaUnderground

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