其定义
LFP gave up about a fifth of its energy density and in return removed nickel and cobalt from the bill entirely. Once pack engineering compensated for the weight, it took the majority of new cells worldwide.
材料清单
放大规模 →数量为 per 75 kWh pack参考区间
| 材料 | 低 | 高 | 单位 | 基准 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graphite 关键 | 55.00 | 85.00 | kg | Anode active material |
| Iron Ore | 25.00 | 45.00 | kg | Iron in the cathode |
| Phosphate Rock 关键 | 25.00 | 45.00 | kg | As phosphate in the cathode |
| Copper 关键 | 15.00 | 25.00 | kg | Foil and busbars |
| Lithium 关键 About 0.09 kg Li per kWh. | 5.50 | 8.00 | kg contained lithium | Contained metal |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. 标注为"微量"的行表示该物料含量极低，无法以质量形式有效表达——其制约因素在于纯度或供应商数量，而非吨位。
替代方案
替代是材料领域最被低估的力量。当某种金属价格高涨或在政治上难以获取时，工程师便会绕开它进行设计——整座矿山的需求可能因此消失殆尽。
NMC Lithium-Ion Battery
The high-energy chemistry — nickel, manganese and cobalt in the cathode — used where range matters most.
Sodium-Ion Battery
A cell that uses sodium — from ordinary salt — instead of lithium, at the cost of energy density.
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
A battery that stores its energy in two tanks of dissolved vanadium, so power and capacity scale separately.