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New Caledonian laterite to stainless steel

Perjalanan kustodi · dimulai di New Caledonia

New Caledonian laterite to stainless steel

An island that smelts its own ore, and pays for it with the most expensive electricity in the industry.

Camp minier goro nouvelle caledonie · Barsamuphe · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
1,000 tonnes of saprolite ore as mined
19 tonnes of ferronickel, containing about 20 tonnes… of which roughly 19 t is nickel
New Caledonia → Japan · Bulk carrier New Caledonia — Scraping the hillside 1 New Caledonia Japan — To a stainless mill 2 Japan
Diberi nomor sesuai urutan perjalanan material. Klik suatu negara untuk membuka halamannya. Proyeksi ekuirektangular yang digambar dari sentroid negara — busur menunjukkan perbatasan mana yang dilintasi, bukan rute pelayaran yang sesungguhnya.

Apa yang sebenarnya bergerak

New Caledonia sits on one of the largest nickel resources on Earth and has smelted it locally for over a century. Its ore is the saprolite kind — good for metal, poor for batteries — so it goes into stainless steel rather than into cells. The economics turn almost entirely on the price of power on a small island.

Materialnya
Nickel
Varietasnya
Saprolite laterite ore, roughly 2% nickel, low cobalt
Titik awal
New Caledonia — The nickel-rich massifs of Grande Terre, a fragment of ancient ocean floor pushed above sea level
Mengapa rute ini dan bukan yang lain. Saprolite is the deeper, magnesium-rich layer of a laterite profile. It suits pyrometallurgy — smelting to ferronickel or matte — but not the acid leaching that produces battery-grade nickel. The ore type decides the market, and the market decides the customer.
Rantai yang paling sempit. Electricity. Smelting nickel is enormously power-hungry, and an island has no grid to lean on.
Baca dua angka pada setiap langkah: apa yang masuk, dan apa yang keluar. Mengamati angka-angka itu menyusut adalah inti dari sini. Pada akhirnya Anda akan telah mengikuti seribu ton batuan hingga tersisa beberapa kilogram dari bahan yang sesungguhnya bekerja.

Langkah demi langkah, perbatasan demi perbatasan

01 Ekstraksi 1,000tonnes

New Caledonia · Grande Terre dipegang oleh SLN, Prony and KNS operations (Penambang)

Scraping the hillside

Laterite sits at the surface, so it is stripped with excavators rather than blasted. The soft, deeply weathered ore needs almost no drilling.

1,000 tonnesore in place 1,000 tonnesore at the plant

Mengapa di sini: Millions of years of tropical rain on ultramafic rock made this deposit. It cannot be made anywhere the climate and the bedrock do not agree.

Garnierite (nickel laterite) specimen
Garnierite (GeoDIL number - 2505) · CC0 via Wikimedia Commons
02 Persiapan 700tonnes

New Caledonia · Doniambo and mine-site plants dipegang oleh Operators (Penambang)

Drying and screening

Laterite arrives wet — often a third water by weight. It is dried and screened before it can be fed to a furnace.

1,000 tonneswet ore 700 tonnesdried ore

Apa yang terjadi pada sisanya: 300 tonnes of that shipment was water. This is why laterite is almost never exported raw over long distances — you would be paying freight on rain.

Mengapa di sini: Drying has to happen before shipping or smelting, and the cheapest place to do it is at the mine.

hours Nickel →
Drying and screening
Site of Mikobata Mineral Processing Pla… · CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
03 Pemrosesan 19tonnes

New Caledonia · Doniambo smelter, Nouméa dipegang oleh Société Le Nickel (Pemurni)

An electric furnace on an island

Calcined in a rotary kiln, then smelted in an electric arc furnace to ferronickel — an iron-nickel alloy that goes straight into stainless steel.

700 tonnesdried ore 19 tonnesnickel contained in ferronickel

Apa yang terjadi pada sisanya: Almost everything else is slag. The nickel was never more than about 2% of what came out of the ground.

Mengapa di sini: Smelting at home keeps the value and the jobs on the island. It also means every tonne of metal carries the cost of island power, which is the industry's permanent problem here.

Rute yang tidak ditempuh The other laterite route, into batteries instead Same rock type, different layer, completely different customer.
An electric furnace on an island
Casting a billet from an electric furna… · Public domain via Wikimedia Commons
04 Transportasi 19tonnes

Japan · Japan, Korea or Europe dipegang oleh Steelmakers (Produsen)

To a stainless mill

Ferronickel is shipped as ingot or shot directly to stainless steel producers.

19 tonnesnickel in ferronickel 19 tonnesdelivered

Mengapa di sini: Ferronickel has exactly one customer: the stainless steel industry. It cannot be redirected to batteries.

Bulk carrier ~2 weeks Chromium →
Chromium
Metal poles (surface is chromium-plated… · CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
05 Pasar akhir 190tonnes

Japan · Stainless mill dipegang oleh Steelmakers (Produsen)

Stainless steel

Melted with chromium and iron into austenitic stainless — sinks, cutlery, chemical plant, architectural cladding.

19 tonnesnickel 190 tonnesof 300-series stainless this nickel supports

Mengapa di sini: Two-thirds of all nickel still goes into stainless steel. The battery story is the newer and smaller half of the market.

Stainless steel
Stainless steel coiled tubes made by Sandvik · Public domain via Wikimedia Commons

Ini adalah contoh terhitung. Contoh ini mengikuti kuantitas awal yang dinyatakan melalui hasil dan perolehan tipikal yang dipublikasikan, sehingga proporsinya dapat diperiksa; ini bukan catatan pengiriman tertentu. Fakta rute — negara mana saja, proses apa saja, dan mengapa material tersebut tidak dapat begitu saja ditangani di tempat lain — dikompilasi dari laporan publik.

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