27 所示材料。产量与储量均为 USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 2025年估计数据，按各商品来源定义的金属含量或毛重计 · 来源 ↗
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| 材料 | 大陆架 | 2025年全球产量 | 全球储量 | 主要生产国 | 美国进口量 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argon Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from… | 工业矿物 | 未公布 | — | — | — | Ar |
| Arsenic 关键 Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind… | 半导体材料 | 61,000metric tons · Production (arsenic trioxide, gross weight) | — | Peru — 49% of world production | 100% | As |
| Bismuth 关键 A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders… | 航空航天与国防材料 | 16,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 88% of world production | 92% | Bi |
| Cadmium A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels… | 钢铁与合金金属 | 23,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | — | 25% | Cd |
| Cobalt 关键 A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that… | 电池材料 | 310,000metric tons · Mine production | 12,000,000 | Congo (Kinshasa) — 74% of world production | 79% | Co |
| Gallium 关键 A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast… | 半导体材料 | 900,000kilograms · Primary production | — | China — 100% of world production | 100% | Ga |
| Germanium 关键 The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and… | 半导体材料 | 未公布 | — | China — NA% of world production | 50% | Ge |
| Hafnium 关键 Zirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and… | 核材料 | 未公布 | — | — | — | Hf |
| Helium The only element cold enough to keep an MRI magnet superconducting, and the only one light… | 工业矿物 | 190.0million cubic meters · Helium Production | — | — | — | He |
| Indium 关键 A soft metal whose oxide is both transparent and electrically conductive — the invisible wiring… | 半导体材料 | 1,100metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 69% of world production | 100% | In |
| Iridium 关键 The most corrosion-resistant metal known, and the second densest — a litre of it weighs about… | 贵金属 | 未公布 | — | — | — | Ir |
| Krypton A rare noble gas, about one part per million of the air, separated only where enough air is… | 半导体材料 | 110.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 93% | Kr |
| Molybdenum A silvery metal added to steel so it keeps its strength at high temperature and under pressure. | 钢铁与合金金属 | 260,000metric tons · Mine production | 17,000 | — | — | Mo |
| Neon A noble gas so unreactive it forms no compounds at all, separated out of ordinary air in tiny… | 半导体材料 | 800.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 52% | Ne |
| Osmium The densest naturally occurring element, and one of the least used — most of it sits unrefined… | 贵金属 | 未公布 | — | — | — | Os |
| Petroleum Coke The solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium… | 能源原材料 | 未公布 | — | — | — | |
| Rhenium 关键 One of the rarest metals in the crust, recovered from molybdenum roasting, and the ingredient… | 航空航天与国防材料 | 81,000kilograms · Mine production | — | Chile — 37% of world production | 75% | Re |
| Rhodium 关键 The rarest of the metals traded in any volume, produced in tens of tonnes a year, and the only… | 贵金属 | 未公布 | — | — | — | Rh |
| Rubidium 关键 Caesium's cheaper neighbour, recovered from the same rare deposits, and the basis of the atomic… | 航空航天与国防材料 | 未公布 | — | — | 100% | Rb |
| Ruthenium 关键 A hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip… | 贵金属 | 未公布 | — | — | — | Ru |
| Scandium 关键 A light metal that makes aluminium dramatically stronger and weldable — and which is produced… | 稀土元素 | 80.00metric tons · global production | — | China — NA% of world production | 100% | Sc |
| Selenium An element recovered from copper refinery slimes, used in glass, in animal feed and in… | 钢铁与合金金属 | 3,800metric tons · Refinery production | — | — | 50% | Se |
| Silver 关键 The best electrical conductor there is, and the metal that has been used as money for longer… | 贵金属 | 26,000metric tons · Mine production | 610,000 | Mexico — 24% of world production | 77% | Ag |
| Sulfur A yellow element stripped out of oil and gas to stop it polluting, then turned into sulfuric… | 工业矿物 | 84,000thousand metric tons · Production, all forms | — | — | — | S |
| Tellurium 关键 A brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank… | 半导体材料 | 1,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 80% of world production | 25% | Te |
| Thallium A soft, extremely toxic metal recovered in tiny amounts from smelter dusts. | 半导体材料 | 未公布 | — | — | — | Tl |
| Xenon The rarest stable gas in the atmosphere — under one part in ten million — and the heaviest… | 半导体材料 | 12.00million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 98% | Xe |
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Argon
Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from hot metal.
Arsenic
Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind high-frequency radio…
Bismuth
A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders, plumbing brass and stomach…
Cadmium
A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels rather than in the batteries…
Cobalt
A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that holds its strength when…
Gallium
A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast chargers, radar and LEDs.
Germanium
The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and fibre-optic glass.
Hafnium
Zirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and the opposite of it in a…
Helium
The only element cold enough to keep an MRI magnet superconducting, and the only one light enough to escape Earth's…
Indium
A soft metal whose oxide is both transparent and electrically conductive — the invisible wiring on top of every…
Iridium
The most corrosion-resistant metal known, and the second densest — a litre of it weighs about 22.5 kilograms.
Krypton
A rare noble gas, about one part per million of the air, separated only where enough air is already being processed.
Molybdenum
A silvery metal added to steel so it keeps its strength at high temperature and under pressure.
Neon
A noble gas so unreactive it forms no compounds at all, separated out of ordinary air in tiny quantities.
Osmium
The densest naturally occurring element, and one of the least used — most of it sits unrefined in platinum-group…
Petroleum Coke
The solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium smelter anodes and…
Rhenium
One of the rarest metals in the crust, recovered from molybdenum roasting, and the ingredient that lets a jet turbine…
Rhodium
The rarest of the metals traded in any volume, produced in tens of tonnes a year, and the only practical way to strip…
Rubidium
Caesium's cheaper neighbour, recovered from the same rare deposits, and the basis of the atomic clocks small enough to…
Ruthenium
A hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip interconnects.
Scandium
A light metal that makes aluminium dramatically stronger and weldable — and which is produced in tonnes per year…
Selenium
An element recovered from copper refinery slimes, used in glass, in animal feed and in thin-film solar cells.
Silver
The best electrical conductor there is, and the metal that has been used as money for longer than almost anything else.
Sulfur
A yellow element stripped out of oil and gas to stop it polluting, then turned into sulfuric acid — the most-produced…
Tellurium
A brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank, and the basis of one of…
Thallium
A soft, extremely toxic metal recovered in tiny amounts from smelter dusts.
Xenon
The rarest stable gas in the atmosphere — under one part in ten million — and the heaviest thing you can breathe.