这是什么？
The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans have been smelting for about 7,000 years.
为何重要？
Every kilowatt-hour generated has to travel down copper. Grids, motors, data centres, buildings and vehicles all compete for the same refined metal.
该材料的深度文字内容尚未发布。以下所有内容均直接提取自原始数据集，内容完整。
其在岩石中的来源
所有含矿矿物 →实际承载以下内容的矿物： copper. 只有其中某种物质的富集程度足以覆盖开采成本，矿床才能成为矿体。
Chalcopyrite
The most important copper ore mineral on Earth. About 34% copper by weight when pure; typical ore grades are under 1%.
Bornite
A richer copper sulfide than chalcopyrite at about 63% Cu, common in the upper enriched zones of porphyry deposits.
Chalcocite
The richest common copper sulfide, near 80% Cu, formed where weathering has redeposited copper below the water table.
Malachite
An oxidised copper mineral. Leachable with acid without smelting, which is why oxide caps are mined first.
生产主体
在地图上查看 →Mine production
Mine productionthousand metric tons 2025 (估计值) 全球合计 23,000 thousand metric tons
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · Mine production is contained copper in concentrate or cathode; refinery production is finished cathode. Adding the two double-counts. · 来源 ↗
横向滚动表格以查看其余列。
| 国家/地区 | 产量 | 占全球份额 |
|---|---|---|
| Chile | 5,300 | 23.0% |
| Congo (Kinshasa) | 3,200 | 13.9% |
| Other countries | 3,000 | 13.0% |
| Peru | 2,700 | 11.7% |
| China | 1,800 | 7.8% |
| Russia | 1,300 | 5.7% |
| United States | 1,000 | 4.3% |
| Zambia | 940.0 | 4.1% |
| Australia | 730.0 | 3.2% |
| Kazakhstan | 710.0 | 3.1% |
| Indonesia | 710.0 | 3.1% |
| Mexico | 690.0 | 3.0% |
| Canada | 500.0 | 2.2% |
| Poland | 410.0 | 1.8% |
| India | 23.00 | 0.1% |
| Korea, Republic of | Zero | — |
| Germany | Zero | — |
| Japan | Zero | — |
| 全球合计 | 23,000 | 100% |
Refinery production
Refinery productionthousand metric tons 2025 (估计值) 全球合计 29,000 thousand metric tons
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · Mine production is contained copper in concentrate or cathode; refinery production is finished cathode. Adding the two double-counts. · 来源 ↗
横向滚动表格以查看其余列。
| 国家/地区 | 产量 | 占全球份额 |
|---|---|---|
| China | 14,000 | 48.3% |
| Congo (Kinshasa) | 2,800 | 9.7% |
| Other countries | 2,100 | 7.2% |
| Chile | 1,700 | 5.9% |
| Japan | 1,400 | 4.8% |
| Russia | 950.0 | 3.3% |
| United States | 850.0 | 2.9% |
| India | 620.0 | 2.1% |
| Korea, Republic of | 610.0 | 2.1% |
| Germany | 610.0 | 2.1% |
| Poland | 560.0 | 1.9% |
| Kazakhstan | 500.0 | 1.7% |
| Mexico | 480.0 | 1.7% |
| Australia | 460.0 | 1.6% |
| Indonesia | 400.0 | 1.4% |
| Peru | 340.0 | 1.2% |
| Canada | 320.0 | 1.1% |
| Zambia | 270.0 | 0.9% |
| 全球合计 | 29,000 | 100% |
"未披露"表示美国地质调查局（USGS）为避免泄露单个企业数据而对该数字进行了保密处理——并不意味着数值为零。各国行数之和不一定等于世界合计，原因在于来源对每个数字单独进行四舍五入处理，且并不总是单独列出"其他国家/地区"一行。
储量持有方
Reserves
Reservesthousand metric tons 2025
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 来源 ↗
| 国家/地区 | 储量 | 占全球份额 |
|---|---|---|
| Other countries | 210,000 | 21.4% |
| Chile | 180,000 | 18.4% |
| Australia | 100,000 | 10.2% |
| Peru | 85,000 | 8.7% |
| Russia | 80,000 | 8.2% |
| Congo (Kinshasa) | 80,000 | 8.2% |
| Mexico | 53,000 | 5.4% |
| United States | 47,000 | 4.8% |
| China | 41,000 | 4.2% |
| Poland | 33,000 | 3.4% |
| Indonesia | 21,000 | 2.1% |
| Zambia | 21,000 | 2.1% |
| Kazakhstan | 20,000 | 2.0% |
| Canada | 7,000 | 0.7% |
| India | 2,200 | 0.2% |
| Japan | Zero | — |
| Germany | Zero | — |
| Korea, Republic of | Zero | — |
| 全球合计 | 980,000 | 100% |
价格
Copper, global price
年度平均值US$ per tonne
基准: IMF global price of copper — grade A cathode, LME/COMEX/NYMEX average. 年度平均值，来源： FRED (IMF primary commodity prices) · 来源 ↗. 以下为参考年度均价，非实时市场报价。
annual average, cents per pound: London Metal Exchange, grade A, cash
年度平均值cents per pound
基准: annual average, cents per pound: London Metal Exchange, grade A, cash. 年度平均值，来源： USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 来源 ↗. 以下为参考年度均价，非实时市场报价。
annual average, cents per pound: COMEX, high-grade, first position
年度平均值cents per pound
基准: annual average, cents per pound: COMEX, high-grade, first position. 年度平均值，来源： USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 来源 ↗. 以下为参考年度均价，非实时市场报价。
annual average, cents per pound: U.S. producer, cathode (COMEX + premium)
年度平均值cents per pound
基准: annual average, cents per pound: U.S. producer, cathode (COMEX + premium). 年度平均值，来源： USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 来源 ↗. 以下为参考年度均价，非实时市场报价。
产出该材料的矿山
所有矿山 →
Cerro Verde
One of the largest concentrator complexes in the world by throughput.
Chuquicamata
Historically the largest open-pit copper mine in the world by excavated volume.
Collahuasi
Among the largest copper mines by output.
El Teniente
The largest underground copper mine in the world by excavated extent.
Escondida
Consistently the largest copper mine in the world by output.
Grasberg
One of the largest copper deposits and among the largest gold deposits ever mined.
Kamoa-Kakula
One of the highest-grade large copper deposits discovered in decades.
Kamoto (KCC)
Among the world's largest cobalt producers.
Morenci
The largest copper operation in North America.
其加工与精炼地点
| 工厂 | 类型 | 阶段 | 国家/地区 | 角色 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CATL Ningde Plants | 超级工厂 | 组件 | China | 输入 |
| Gigafactory Nevada | 超级工厂 | 组件 | United States | 输入 |
| Samsung Pyeongtaek Campus | 半导体晶圆厂 | 组件 | South Korea | 输入 |
| TSMC Fab 18, Tainan | 半导体晶圆厂 | 组件 | Taiwan | 输入 |
| Atlantic Copper Smelter, Huelva | 冶炼厂 | 加工 | Spain | 输入 |
| Guixi Smelter | 冶炼厂 | 加工 | China | 输入 |
| Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant | 冶炼厂 | 加工 | Russia | 产出 |
| Port of Rotterdam Bulk Terminals | 港口 | 加工 | Netherlands | 输入 |
| Wind Turbine Nacelle & Blade Plants, Jutland | 制造厂 | 产品 | Denmark | 输入 |
| Jinchuan Group Smelter-Refinery | 精炼厂 | 精炼 | China | 产出 |
其用途
所有终端市场 →| 终端市场 | 其在彼处的用途 | 重要性 |
|---|---|---|
| Electric Vehicles | Current collectors, motor windings, busbars and charging | 定义 |
| Power Grids | Cables, windings and busbars | 定义 |
| Data Centres & AI | Power distribution, busbars and network cable | 定义 |
| Wind Power | Generator windings, nacelle wiring and export cable | 定义 |
| Solar Power | Ribbon, wiring and inverters | 定义 |
| Construction & Steel | Wiring and plumbing | 定义 |
| Semiconductors | On-chip interconnect | 定义 |
| Consumer Electronics | Boards, coils and wiring | 定义 |
| Robotics & Automation | Motor windings and wiring | 定义 |
| Hydrogen & Electrolysis | Power delivery at very high current | 定义 |
| Grid Storage | Collectors and connection | 定义 |
| Nuclear Power | Generator and switchyard | 重要 |
某项技术的需求用量
| 技术 | 数量 | 报价 | 基准 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaline Electrolyser | 400.0–1,200 kg | per MW of capacity | Power delivery |
| Crystalline Silicon Solar Module | 2,000–4,000 kg | per MW of capacity | Wiring, ribbon and inverter |
| Direct-Drive Offshore Wind Turbine Offshore is far higher than onshore. | 3,000–8,000 kg | per MW of capacity | Generator, nacelle and array cabling |
| EV Traction Motor | 8.00–20.00 kg | per motor | Stator windings |
| HVDC Transmission Cable | 20.00–120.0 t | per km of circuit | Conductor, subsea designs at the high end |
| LFP Lithium-Ion Battery | 15.00–25.00 kg | per 75 kWh pack | Foil and busbars |
| NMC Lithium-Ion Battery | 15.00–25.00 kg | per 75 kWh pack | Foil and busbars, cell and pack only |
| PEM Electrolyser | 500.0–1,500 kg | per MW of capacity | Very high-current power delivery |
| Pressurised Water Reactor | 1,000–2,000 t | per GW of capacity | Generator, transformers and plant wiring |
| Vanadium Redox Flow Battery | 1.00–3.00 t | per MWh of storage | Stack and power conversion |
Indicative range compiled from published technology studies and chemistry; verify against a manufacturer specification before use. 在物料计算器中按任意规模运行这些数据 →
出口管制
| 国家/地区 | 管控 | 适用于 |
|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | Export ban | Bauxite (2023), copper concentrates (2023), and nickel ore (2020). ↗ |
| Laos | Export ban | Raw minerals, including copper, gold, iron, nickel, potassium, silver, and zinc (2024). ↗ |
| Morocco | Export licensing requirement | Copper (refined and alloys) and aluminum ingots (2025). ↗ |
| Tanzania | Export ban | Ore concentrates of copper, gold, nickel, and silver (2017). ↗ |
| Venezuela | Export ban | Bauxite, cassiterite, columbite-tantalite, copper, gold, rhodium, silver, and thorium (2024). ↗ |
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, table 4 — controls in effect as of January 2026, excluding controls since lifted.
跟踪其跨境全程
全部溯源记录 →这批材料实际经过的路线——每个国家、每位托管方，以及每个环节留下的内容。
Chilean sulfide concentrate to Chinese cathode to a wire Chile mines the most copper in the world. China refines the most. Those are not the same sentence. Congolese oxide ore to finished cathode, without a smelter When the ore is oxide, acid will do what a smelter would otherwise have to.