Empieza por algo que no sabías
Luego ve adonde quieras →Todo es una sola cadena
Todas las cadenas de suministro →Las mismas nueve etapas están detrás de casi cualquier producto físico. Haga clic en cualquier etapa para ver qué contiene.
Y aquí está esa misma cadena con lugares reales
Una tonelada de cobre, desde una mina a cielo abierto en Chile hasta un cable — mineral de ley 0,5 %, una fundición en otro continente, y el oro y el telurio que se recuperan en el proceso. Síguelo →
Sigue una partida, frontera por frontera
Todos los recorridos →El crudo extrapesado venezolano y el Arab Light saudí son los dos «petróleo», y solo uno de ellos puede refinarse casi en cualquier lugar. Elija un material, elija dónde se extrajo del subsuelo y observe quién lo tiene en cada frontera.
Venezuelan extra-heavy crude to diesel, asphalt and aluminium anodes
Oil so thick it will not flow down a pipe, and cannot be refined by most refineries on Earth.
Saudi Arab Light to petrol, almost anywhere
The same commodity, a fraction of the effort — because of what the molecule is.
Alberta oil sands: mined like ore, refined like oil
The only oil in the world that is dug up with a shovel and graded like an orebody.
Chilean brine to a battery in a car
The ore is water. The first year and a half of processing is done by the sun, for free.
Australian spodumene to a battery, the fast way
Eight weeks instead of eighteen months, at the cost of a great deal more energy.
New Caledonian laterite to stainless steel
An island that smelts its own ore, and pays for it with the most expensive electricity in the industry.
Indonesian laterite to a battery cathode
A country that banned raw ore exports and built the processing industry instead.
Chilean sulfide concentrate to Chinese cathode to a wire
Chile mines the most copper in the world. China refines the most. Those are not the same sentence.
O bien las mismas cadenas sin las fronteras
Materiales de los que el mundo tiene escasez
La lista completa de minerales críticos →Indicador de criticidad según lo designado en la USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Las cuotas del productor líder son estimaciones de 2025 de la misma fuente.
Palladium
Platinum's cheaper cousin for most of the twentieth century, then briefly more expensive than gold because petrol cars need it.
Erbium
The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back into electricity.
Yttrium
Counted as a rare earth even though it sits elsewhere on the periodic table, because it behaves like one and is found with them.
Bismuth
A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders, plumbing brass and stomach…
Tellurium
A brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank, and the basis of one of the two…
Alumina
A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium metal.
Platinum-Group Metals
Six metals — platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium — that occur together and are separated from each…
Niobium
A metal that makes steel much stronger when added in tiny amounts — a few hundred grams per tonne changes the whole alloy.
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