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100%
of the world's gallium comes out of China
Mine production, 2025 · USGS
88%
of the world's bismuth comes out of China
Mine production, 2025 · USGS
87%
of the world's silicon comes out of China
Mine production, 2025 · USGS
14
materials the United States imports every single gram of
Net import reliance, 2025 · USGS
27
materials nobody mines on purpose — they arrive as somebody else's by-product
Editorial classification
1,000,000 litres
becomes 8 kg of contained lithium
Worked example · follow it step by step
1,000 tonnes
becomes 1.6 tonnes of finished sintered magnet
Worked example · follow it step by step
1,000 tonnes
becomes 250 tonnes of primary aluminium
Worked example · follow it step by step
200 tonnes
becomes 25 tonnes of enriched fuel
Worked example · follow it step by step
0.2–0.3 kg
of neodymium in one NdFeB Permanent Magnet, per kg of finished magnet
Indicative range · see the basis
100–200 kg
of neodymium in one Direct-Drive Offshore Wind Turbine, per MW of capacity
Indicative range · see the basis
6–9 kg
of lithium in one NMC Lithium-Ion Battery, per 75 kWh pack
Indicative range · see the basis
Segalanya adalah satu rantai
Semua rantai pasokan →Sembilan tahap yang sama ada di balik hampir setiap produk fisik. Berikut ini untuk tembaga — klik tahap mana pun untuk melihat apa yang ada di dalamnya.
-
01Bahan baku
Apa itu dan di mana letaknya di dalam tanah
Tembaga di dalam tanah — di sini berupa malasit hijau
-
02Deposit
Mineral yang sesungguhnya menjadi pembawanya
Kalkopirit, bijih tembaga terpenting
-
03Tambang
Siapa yang menambangnya, dan bagaimana caranya
Escondida, Chile — tambang tembaga terbesar di dunia berdasarkan produksi
-
04Pemrosesan
Peremukan, flotasi, peleburan
Flotasi buih mengangkat mineral tembaga dari batuan yang digiling
-
05Pemurnian
Mencapai kemurnian yang dapat digunakan
Anoda tembaga dalam perjalanan menuju kilang
-
06Komponen
Bagian yang dihasilkannya
Lilitan tembaga di dalam motor listrik
-
07Produk
Produk yang dapat dibeli
Mobil listrik
-
08Pasar akhir
Siapa yang membutuhkannya dan mengapa
Jaringan listrik
-
09Perusahaan
Siapa yang memiliki aset
Kantor pusat BHP di Melbourne — BHP mengoperasikan Escondida
Satu ton tembaga, dari tambang terbuka di Chili hingga menjadi kawat — bijih berkadar 0,5%, sebuah smelter di benua lain, serta emas dan telurium yang terpisah di sepanjang prosesnya. Ikuti →
Ikuti satu kiriman, perbatasan demi perbatasan
Semua perjalanan →Minyak mentah extra-heavy Venezuela dan Arab Light Arab Saudi sama-sama "minyak", namun hanya salah satunya yang dapat diolah di hampir semua tempat. Pilih sebuah material, pilih dari mana ia berasal dari dalam tanah, dan amati siapa yang memegangnya di setiap perbatasan.
Venezuelan extra-heavy crude to diesel, asphalt and aluminium anodes
Oil so thick it will not flow down a pipe, and cannot be refined by most refineries on Earth.
Saudi Arab Light to petrol, almost anywhere
The same commodity, a fraction of the effort — because of what the molecule is.
Alberta oil sands: mined like ore, refined like oil
The only oil in the world that is dug up with a shovel and graded like an orebody.
Chilean brine to a battery in a car
The ore is water. The first year and a half of processing is done by the sun, for free.
Australian spodumene to a battery, the fast way
Eight weeks instead of eighteen months, at the cost of a great deal more energy.
New Caledonian laterite to stainless steel
An island that smelts its own ore, and pays for it with the most expensive electricity in the industry.
Indonesian laterite to a battery cathode
A country that banned raw ore exports and built the processing industry instead.
Chilean sulfide concentrate to Chinese cathode to a wire
Chile mines the most copper in the world. China refines the most. Those are not the same sentence.
Atau lihat rantai yang sama tanpa batas negara
Material yang kekurangan pasokan di dunia
Daftar lengkap mineral kritis →Status kekritisan sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Pangsa produsen terkemuka adalah estimasi 2025 dari sumber yang sama.
Neodymium
The rare earth at the heart of the strongest magnet ever made — the kind in headphones, hard drives, wind turbines and electric…
Ruthenium
A hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip interconnects.
Lanthanum
The first of the rare earths, used by the tonne in the catalysts that crack crude oil into petrol.
Tin
A soft metal with a low melting point, which is why nearly every electrical joint in every device is held together with it.
Tellurium
A brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank, and the basis of one of the two…
Terbium
The scarcest of the four magnet rare earths, used in tiny quantities to make a magnet survive high temperature.
Aluminium
A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite — which is why people call it…
Manganese
A brittle grey metal that steel cannot be made without, and that is now being used to stretch scarce nickel and cobalt further…
Tiga cara masuk
Eksplorasi angkanya
Satu juta mobil listrik membutuhkan 4,4% dari produksi grafit dunia selama setahun.
Pilih teknologi apa pun dan kuantitas apa pun, lalu lihat kebutuhan material dibandingkan dengan pasokan dunia.
Buka kalkulator →
Lihat keseluruhan peta
77 unsur adalah komoditas yang diperdagangkan. Selebihnya dalam tabel periodik tidak.
Unsur-unsur mana yang benar-benar digunakan oleh perekonomian — dan, sama pentingnya, mana yang tidak.
Buka tabel periodik →
Tanyakan saja
"Negara mana yang menguasai produksi kobalt?"
Dijawab hanya dari situs ini, dengan periode referensi dan halaman yang menjadi sumbernya. Sistem tidak akan menebak.
Tanya Data →
Pelaporan terbaru
Semua berita →Judul berita dan ringkasan dari penerbit bernama, masing-masing tertaut ke sumber aslinya. Kami tidak menerbitkan ulang artikel.
US Department of Energy names helium to critical materials list
Global demand for helium is growing faster than production, increasing supply risks for American manufacturers, DOE said.
Bannerman pulls trigger on $353M uranium mine
Construction on the Etango uranium project in Namibia approved, with funding secured without project debt and first production targeted for 2028.
Why Trump and Carney Haven’t Touched Energy in Their Tariff War
The United States and Canada are locked in an energy trade war – sort of. Although United States President Donald Trump and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney have lobbed plenty of…
White House says the US is lifting tariffs on some Canadian goods
Susan Collins, a Republican in a tight race to keep her senate seat in next month's elections, said she had been working with the White House on tariff relief.
Newmont prices Red Chris expansion at up to $4.8B
Newmont (NYSE, ASX: NEM) put a price of up to $4.8 billion (C$6.4 billion) on taking its Red Chris copper-gold mine underground in British Columbia, with commercial production targeted…
Lithium’s $100B question: Who will build 134 new mines?
Global lithium demand is expected to more than triple by 2050, equivalent to the output of 134 new mines and more than $100 billion (C$139.8 billion) in investment before accounting... The…
New Found Gold doubles Queensway valuation to $1.7B
New Found Gold (TSX, NYSE-A: NFGC) has more than doubled the projected value of its Queensway gold project in Newfoundland to C$1.73 billion while expanding measured and indicated resources…
Southern Copper weighs $680M Cuajone expansion
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Foto-foto di halaman ini · 50
- TWIN-BUTTES MINE. AERIAL OF OPEN PIT MINE, 1,000 FEET DEEP. (FROM THE D… · Cornelius M. Keyes · Public domain
- Big truck looks small in an open pit mine.jpg · Rob and Stephanie Levy from Townsville, Australia · CC BY 2.0
- Quartz, malachite.jpg · Géry PARENT · Public domain
- Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Siderite. Friedrich Wilhelm mine, Herdorf, Westph… · Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Escondida Copper Mine, Atacama Desert, Chile 2009-12-09 lrg.jpg · The image was taken by the the Expedition 22 crew. · Public domain
- Prominenthill-flotation.jpg · Geomartin · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Train with anodes in Pori (1).jpg · Joe K. · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Stator Winding of a BLDC Motor.jpg · Medvedev · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Electric car charging at a station during the day with the charging cab… · Shixart1985 · CC BY 2.0
- Transmission tower of a high-voltage overhead powerlines File 022.jpg · Novoklimov · CC BY 4.0
- 171 Collins Street Melbourne.jpg · HappyWaldo · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Orinoco Oil Belt.png · Christopher J. Schenk · Public domain
- Saudi Aramco oil pipe lines,Jubail - panoramio.jpg · Suresh Babunair · CC BY 3.0
- Members of Medical Survey Gorup watch shovel in operation loading overb… · Russell Lee · Public domain
- Lithium Ponds of Chile's Salar de Atacama (SVS15006).jpg · NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio - SSAI/R… · Public domain
- Brockman 4 open pit after blast, September 2018.jpg · Calistemon · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Camp minier goro nouvelle caledonie.jpg · Barsamuphe · CC BY 3.0
- A part of nickel industry in Kolaka, South East Sulawesi Province.jpg · Famhar1968 · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Chuquicamata copper mine - Chuquicamata-Kupfermine.jpg · Alexander Gerst · CC BY-SA 2.0
- Plastic bottle containing gallium metal.JPG · Pixelmaniac pictures ( Leave a reply ) · CC0
- Bismuth crystal Créer le cristal n01.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
- Wafer 20110212.jpg · Sangitiana Fararano · CC BY-SA 2.0
- CSIRO ScienceImage 8217 A bulk carrier entering Port Hunter Newcastle N… · Nick Pitsas, CSIRO · CC BY 3.0
- US Navy 090715-N-5821P-002 Aviation Support Equipment Technician Airman… · U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialis… · Public domain
- Electric car charging point, Wetherby service station (30th November 20… · Mtaylor848 · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wheel hub motor of an electric kick scooter, sidepanel removed (2022).jpg · Andrez1 · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Detailed view of a cross-section of a modern window frame shows multipl… · Shixart1985 · CC BY 2.0
- Clementine reactor core.jpg · E. T. Jurney · Public domain
- 4 Neodymium magnets from hard disks-6175.jpg · Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Nacelle of Wind Turbine 01.jpg · Σ64 · CC BY 4.0
- Lithium Ion Battery Cell - Cylindrical Cell, Prismatic Cell, Pouch Cell.png · CRBAman · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Neodymium oxide 170g.jpg · W. Oelen · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Ru metal 1g.JPG · Leiem · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Lanthanum (Element - 57) 3.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
- Cassiterite (GeoDIL number - 37).jpg · Shannon Heinle · CC0
- Tellurium crystals.jpg · Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements · CC BY 3.0
- Terbium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Aluminum ingots at Norwegian Aluminium Company.jpg · Anders Beer Wilse · CC BY 4.0
- Pyrolusite Mineral with Dendrite Macro Digon3.jpg · “Jonathan Zander ( Digon3 )" · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Minerals in the Indian Museum, Kolkata 05.jpg · Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center - Museum - Exhibition Nature theatre 06 -… · Photographer: Henk Caspers/Naturalis · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Drill core repository - Geological and Mining Institute of Spain 03.JPG · PePeEfe · CC BY-SA 4.0
- ISS Magnet.jpg · Ordan, Julien Marius · CC BY 4.0
- Uranium ore and "yellowcake" uranium concentrate at the Greifswald Nucl… · Siarhei Besarab · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Photovoltaic Panels Reap Solar Energy on Farms (20240809-USDA-RD-DCK-03… · USDAgov · Public domain
- World mirror relief map ru.png · World_mirror_relief_map.png : Das steinerne Her… · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Krolewska Huta Prezydent mine headframe.jpg · Aleksander Siermontowski (1889-1942) · Public domain
- Spodumene Nuristan Créer le cristal.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
- AZ Gold Nugget Quartz.jpg · Bryan Barnes · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Chalcopyrite botroïdale.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 3.0
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