The Materials Atlas

الكل · 121 عناصر الأرض النادرة · 18 مواد الفضاء والدفاع · 10 المعادن الزراعية · 3 مواد البطاريات · 5 مواد النحاس والكهرباء · 4 المواد الخام للطاقة · 7 المعادن الصناعية · 35 المواد النووية · 5 المعادن الثمينة · 10 مواد أشباه الموصلات · 11 الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية · 13

المعدن الحرج · 63 استراتيجي · 36 منتج ثانوي فقط · 27 التحول في الطاقة · 26 البناء والتشييد · 25 الدفاع · 24 سلسلة الرقائق · 17 قابل لإعادة التدوير على نطاق واسع · 8 سلسلة المغناطيس · 8 سلسلة الغذاء · 6 سلسلة الشبكة الكهربائية · 2

فرز: الرف الاسم الإنتاج العالمي الاحتياطيات الاعتماد الأمريكي على الاستيراد أداة الفرز الكاملة → الجدول الدوري →

121 المواد المعروضة. الإنتاج والاحتياطيات هما USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · تقديرات 2025، المعدن المحتوى أو الوزن الإجمالي وفق تعريف المصدر لكل سلعة · المصدر ↗

مرِّر الجدول أفقياً لعرض الأعمدة المتبقية.

المادة	الرف	الإنتاج العالمي 2025	الاحتياطيات العالمية	المنتج الرائد	استوردت الولايات المتحدة
Alumina حرج A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium…	مواد النحاس والكهرباء	150,000thousand metric dry tons · Alumina, refinery production	—	—	71%
Aluminium حرج A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite —…	مواد النحاس والكهرباء	74,000thousand metric tons · Smelter production	—	—	60%	Al
Antimony حرج A brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	110,000metric tons · Mine production	2,000,000	China — 36% of world production	—	Sb
Argon Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from…	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	—	—	Ar
Arsenic حرج Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	61,000metric tons · Production (arsenic trioxide, gross weight)	—	Peru — 49% of world production	100%	As
Asbestos A group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung…	المعادن الصناعية	960,000metric tons · Mine production	150,000,000	—	100%
Barite حرج A very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow…	المعادن الصناعية	8,700thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	India — 34% of world production	75%
Bauxite حرج A reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and…	مواد النحاس والكهرباء	440,000thousand metric dry tons · Bauxite, mine production	29,000,000	—	75%
Beryllium حرج A very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust.	المواد النووية	430.0metric tons · Mine production	—	United States — 53% of world production	—	Be
Bismuth حرج A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	16,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	China — 88% of world production	92%	Bi
Boron حرج An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and…	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	Turkey — W% of world production	—	B
Bromine The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water.	المعادن الصناعية	430,000metric tons · Production	—	—	25%	Br
Cadmium A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	23,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	—	25%	Cd
Caesium حرج The softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second.	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	غير منشور	—	—	100%	Cs
Cement Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue…	المعادن الصناعية	3,800,000thousand metric tons · Cement production	—	—	21%
Cerium حرج The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Ce
Chromium حرج The element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	51,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	540,000	South Africa — 45% of world production	79%	Cr
Clays Soft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which…	المعادن الصناعية	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Bentonite, rounded	—	—	—
Cobalt حرج A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that…	مواد البطاريات	310,000metric tons · Mine production	12,000,000	Congo (Kinshasa) — 74% of world production	79%	Co
Construction Sand & Gravel The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	—	—
Copper حرج The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans…	مواد النحاس والكهرباء	23,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	980,000	Chile — 23% of world production	—	Cu
Crude Oil Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries…	المواد الخام للطاقة	غير منشور	—	—	—
Crushed Stone Rock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest…	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	—	—
Diamond (Industrial) Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug…	المعادن الصناعية	38.00million carats · Mine production	1,700	—	—
Diatomite Rock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on…	المعادن الصناعية	2,500thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Dimension Stone Rock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold…	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	—	85%
Dysprosium حرج A heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot.	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Dy
Erbium حرج The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Er
Europium حرج The rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Eu
Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite The most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt…	المعادن الصناعية	31,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	95%
Fluorspar حرج Calcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from —…	المعادن الصناعية	10,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	330,000	China — 60% of world production	100%
Gadolinium حرج A rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Gd
Gallium حرج A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	900,000kilograms · Primary production	—	China — 100% of world production	100%	Ga
Garnet (Industrial) A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in…	المعادن الصناعية	730,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	71%
Gemstones Minerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity…	المعادن الثمينة	69,000 thousands of carats · Mine production	2,000,000	—	99%
Germanium حرج The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	غير منشور	—	China — NA% of world production	50%	Ge
Gold The metal that does not tarnish, does not corrode and never runs out once mined — which is why…	المعادن الثمينة	3,300metric tons · Mine production	66,000	—	—	Au
Graphite حرج Pure carbon in soft, slippery sheets — the same stuff as pencil lead — and the material that…	مواد البطاريات	1,800,000metric tons · Mine production	310,000,000	China — 78% of world production	100%	C
Gypsum A soft white rock that becomes plasterboard — the interior surface of most buildings in the…	المعادن الصناعية	160,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Hafnium حرج Zirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and…	المواد النووية	غير منشور	—	—	—	Hf
Helium The only element cold enough to keep an MRI magnet superconducting, and the only one light…	المعادن الصناعية	190.0million cubic meters · Helium Production	—	—	—	He
High-Purity Quartz Quartz sand so free of other elements that it can be melted into the crucible a silicon crystal…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	غير منشور	—	—	—
Holmium حرج The rare earth with the strongest magnetic moment of any element, used in the pole pieces of…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Ho
Indium حرج A soft metal whose oxide is both transparent and electrically conductive — the invisible wiring…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	1,100metric tons · Refinery production	—	China — 69% of world production	100%	In
Industrial Sand & Gravel Sand selected for what it is made of rather than what size it is — nearly pure quartz, for…	المعادن الصناعية	430,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Iodine A purple-black element that turns straight from solid to vapour, extracted from ancient nitrate…	المعادن الصناعية	34,000metric tons · Mine production	6,300,000	—	50%	I
Iridium حرج The most corrosion-resistant metal known, and the second densest — a litre of it weighs about…	المعادن الثمينة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Ir
Iron & Steel Iron with a little carbon in it, and the most-produced manufactured material on the planet.	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	360.0million metric tons · world iron slag production was estimated to be between 330 million and 390 million tons,	—	—	—
Iron & Steel Scrap Old steel collected to be melted into new steel — the largest recycling stream on the planet by…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	غير منشور	—	—	—
Iron Ore Rust-coloured rock that is roughly one-third to two-thirds iron, and the single largest tonnage…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	2,600,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Usable ore, rounded	87,000	—	—	Fe
Iron Oxide Pigments Rust, refined — the reds, yellows, browns and blacks that have coloured paint and pottery since…	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	—	—
Krypton A rare noble gas, about one part per million of the air, separated only where enough air is…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	110.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	—	—	93%	Kr
Kyanite & Related Minerals Blue-bladed crystals that expand rather than shrink when fired, which makes them the backbone…	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	—	—
Lanthanum حرج The first of the rare earths, used by the tonne in the catalysts that crack crude oil into…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	La
Lead حرج A soft, dense, blue-grey metal that blocks radiation and stores charge cheaply — and that is…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	4,500thousand metric tons · Mine production	95,000	China — 42% of world production	—	Pb
Lime Limestone burned until it becomes quicklime — a chemical used to purify steel, treat water and…	المعادن الصناعية	420,000thousand metric tons · Production	—	—	—
Lithium حرج A soft, silvery metal so light it floats on water, and the element that lets a rechargeable…	مواد البطاريات	290,000metric tons · Mine production	37,000,000	Australia — 32% of world production	50%	Li
Lutetium حرج The last and densest rare earth, used in the crystals that detect gamma rays inside a PET…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Lu
Magnesium Compounds Magnesia and its relatives, made from magnesite rock or extracted from seawater, which survive…	المعادن الصناعية	21,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	7,800,000	—	59%
Magnesium Metal حرج The lightest structural metal, about a third lighter than aluminium, and the ingredient that…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	1,100thousand metric tons · Smelter production	—	—	75%	Mg
Manganese حرج A brittle grey metal that steel cannot be made without, and that is now being used to stretch…	مواد البطاريات	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	1,700,000	South Africa — 37% of world production	100%	Mn
Mercury The only metal that is liquid at room temperature, and one of the most tightly regulated…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	210.0metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—	Hg
Metallurgical Coal Coal of the specific quality that, when baked without air, turns into coke — the hard carbon…	المواد الخام للطاقة	غير منشور	—	—	—
Mica A mineral that splits into sheets so thin you can see through them, and that resists both heat…	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	—	—
Molybdenum A silvery metal added to steel so it keeps its strength at high temperature and under pressure.	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	260,000metric tons · Mine production	17,000	—	—	Mo
Natural Gas Mostly methane, the lightest hydrocarbon, and the source of nearly all the hydrogen used by…	المواد الخام للطاقة	غير منشور	—	—	—
Neodymium حرج The rare earth at the heart of the strongest magnet ever made — the kind in headphones, hard…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Nd
Neon A noble gas so unreactive it forms no compounds at all, separated out of ordinary air in tiny…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	800.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	—	—	52%	Ne
Nickel حرج A silvery metal that resists rust, which is why it goes into stainless steel — and, more…	مواد البطاريات	3,900,000metric tons · Mine production	140,000,000	Indonesia — 67% of world production	41%	Ni
Niobium حرج A metal that makes steel much stronger when added in tiny amounts — a few hundred grams per…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	112,000metric tons · Mine production	21,000,000	—	100%	Nb
Nitrogen (Ammonia) Nitrogen pulled out of the air and joined to hydrogen under pressure — the invention that…	المعادن الزراعية	160,000thousand metric tons · Plant production	—	—	—	N
Oil Sands & Bitumen Sand soaked in oil so thick it will not flow — it has to be mined like ore or heated…	المواد الخام للطاقة	غير منشور	—	—	—
Osmium The densest naturally occurring element, and one of the least used — most of it sits unrefined…	المعادن الثمينة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Os
Palladium حرج Platinum's cheaper cousin for most of the twentieth century, then briefly more expensive than…	المعادن الثمينة	190,000kilograms · Mine production: Palladium, rounded	—	Russia — 44% of world production	57%	Pd
Peat Half-rotted plant matter from waterlogged bogs — the first stage on the road from a swamp to a…	المواد الخام للطاقة	17,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	13,000,000	—	80%
Perlite A volcanic glass with water trapped inside it that pops like popcorn when heated, expanding to…	المعادن الصناعية	4,600thousand metric tons · Production	—	—	23%
Petroleum Coke The solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium…	المواد الخام للطاقة	غير منشور	—	—	—
Phosphate Rock حرج Rock full of the element phosphorus — the P in fertiliser, and now the P in the LFP batteries…	المعادن الزراعية	250,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	73,000,000	China — 44% of world production	—	P
Platinum حرج A dense, unreactive metal that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed by them.	المعادن الثمينة	170,000kilograms · Mine production: Platinum, rounded	—	South Africa — 71% of world production	89%	Pt
Platinum-Group Metals حرج Six metals — platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium — that occur together…	المعادن الثمينة	غير منشور	76,000,000	—	—
Potash حرج Potassium salts mined from ancient dried-up seas — the K in NPK fertiliser, which plants need…	المعادن الزراعية	49,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	10,000,000	Canada — 31% of world production	92%	K
Praseodymium حرج Neodymium's near-twin, so alike that magnet makers usually do not bother separating the two and…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Pr
Promethium The one rare earth with no stable form at all — every atom of it is radioactive and decays…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Pm
Pumice & Pumicite Volcanic froth — rock so full of gas bubbles that it floats — quarried for lightweight concrete…	المعادن الصناعية	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Rare Earths (all) حرج A family of seventeen metals that are not actually rare in the ground, but are hard to separate…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	390,000metric tons · Mine production	85,000,000	—	—
Rhenium حرج One of the rarest metals in the crust, recovered from molybdenum roasting, and the ingredient…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	81,000kilograms · Mine production	—	Chile — 37% of world production	75%	Re
Rhodium حرج The rarest of the metals traded in any volume, produced in tens of tonnes a year, and the only…	المعادن الثمينة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Rh
Rubidium حرج Caesium's cheaper neighbour, recovered from the same rare deposits, and the basis of the atomic…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	غير منشور	—	—	100%	Rb
Ruthenium حرج A hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip…	المعادن الثمينة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Ru
Salt Sodium chloride — the seasoning on a table, and the feedstock for the chlorine and caustic soda…	المعادن الصناعية	270,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	31%
Samarium حرج The rare earth in the magnet that works where neodymium cannot: very hot, or very cold, or in a…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Sm
Scandium حرج A light metal that makes aluminium dramatically stronger and weldable — and which is produced…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	80.00metric tons · global production	—	China — NA% of world production	100%	Sc
Selenium An element recovered from copper refinery slimes, used in glass, in animal feed and in…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	3,800metric tons · Refinery production	—	—	50%	Se
Silicon حرج The second-most-common element in the Earth's crust — ordinary sand — purified until only one…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	5,000thousand metric tons · Ferrosilicon	—	China — 87% of world production	—	Si
Silicon Carbide & Abrasives Man-made grit — silicon carbide and fused alumina — harder than almost every natural mineral…	المعادن الصناعية	غير منشور	—	—	—
Silver حرج The best electrical conductor there is, and the metal that has been used as money for longer…	المعادن الثمينة	26,000metric tons · Mine production	610,000	Mexico — 24% of world production	77%	Ag
Soda Ash Sodium carbonate, mined from trona rock or made from salt, and the second ingredient in almost…	المعادن الصناعية	19,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: natural, rounded	25,000,000	—	—
Strontium A soft metal whose salts burn bright red, which is why every red firework contains it.	المعادن الصناعية	450,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	100%	Sr
Sulfur A yellow element stripped out of oil and gas to stop it polluting, then turned into sulfuric…	المعادن الصناعية	84,000thousand metric tons · Production, all forms	—	—	—	S
Talc & Pyrophyllite The softest mineral there is — a fingernail scratches it — used as a filler that makes plastics…	المعادن الصناعية	6,900thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Tantalum حرج A dense metal whose oxide layer stores charge extremely reliably, which is why it is in the…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	2,500metric tons · Mine production	—	Congo (Kinshasa) — 52% of world production	100%	Ta
Tellurium حرج A brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	1,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	China — 80% of world production	25%	Te
Terbium حرج The scarcest of the four magnet rare earths, used in tiny quantities to make a magnet survive…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Tb
Thallium A soft, extremely toxic metal recovered in tiny amounts from smelter dusts.	مواد أشباه الموصلات	غير منشور	—	—	—	Tl
Thermal Coal Coal burned to make steam and therefore electricity — still, despite everything, one of the…	المواد الخام للطاقة	غير منشور	—	—	—
Thorium A weakly radioactive metal three to four times more common than uranium, which can be bred into…	المواد النووية	غير منشور	—	—	—	Th
Thulium حرج The least abundant stable rare earth, used in portable X-ray sources and in surgical lasers.	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Tm
Tin حرج A soft metal with a low melting point, which is why nearly every electrical joint in every…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	290,000metric tons · Mine production	6,000,000	China — 24% of world production	—	Sn
Titanium حرج A metal as strong as steel at about half the weight, which does not corrode in seawater or in…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	370,000metric tons · Titanium sponge metal production	—	—	—	Ti
Titanium Mineral Concentrates حرج Black beach sand — ilmenite and rutile — that is the starting point both for titanium metal and…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	9,400thousand metric tons · Mine production: ilmenite, rounded	490,000	—	88%
Tungsten حرج The metal with the highest melting point of them all — you can heat it to 3,400 C before it…	مواد الفضاء والدفاع	85,000metric tons · Mine production	4,700,000	China — 79% of world production	50%	W
Uranium A heavy, faintly radioactive metal whose nucleus can be split, releasing about two million…	المواد النووية	غير منشور	—	—	—	U
Vanadium حرج A metal that makes rebar dramatically stronger in tiny doses, and that can also store…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	110,000metric tons · Mine production	21,000	China — 75% of world production	41%	V
Vermiculite A mica-like mineral that unfolds into a concertina when heated, becoming light, fireproof and…	المعادن الصناعية	460.0thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	25%
Wollastonite A needle-shaped white mineral used as a safe replacement for asbestos fibre in brakes, boards…	المعادن الصناعية	860,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Xenon The rarest stable gas in the atmosphere — under one part in ten million — and the heaviest…	مواد أشباه الموصلات	12.00million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	—	—	98%	Xe
Ytterbium حرج A rare earth used in the fibre lasers that cut steel in factories, and in some of the most…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	غير منشور	—	—	—	Yb
Yttrium حرج Counted as a rare earth even though it sits elsewhere on the periodic table, because it behaves…	عناصر الأرض النادرة	12,500metric tons · mine production of Y2O3 equivalent contained in rare-earth mineral concentrates	—	China — NA% of world production	100%	Y
Zeolites (Natural) Minerals full of molecule-sized cages that trap specific ions and gases and let everything else…	المعادن الصناعية	1,300,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Zinc حرج The metal that steel is dipped in so it does not rust — a sacrificial coating that corrodes…	الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكية	13,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	240,000	China — 32% of world production	—	Zn
Zirconium حرج A metal that barely absorbs neutrons, which is why nuclear fuel rods are wrapped in it, and…	المواد النووية	1,200thousand metric tons · Zirconium mineral concentrates, mine production (thousand metric tons, gross weight)	70,000	—	—	Zr

تصفح بالصور

Alumina

A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium metal.

مواد النحاس والكهرباء

Aluminium

A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite — which is why people call…

مواد النحاس والكهرباءAl

Antimony

A brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer rounds of ammunition.

مواد الفضاء والدفاعSb

Argon

Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from hot metal.

المعادن الصناعيةAr

Arsenic

Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind high-frequency radio…

مواد أشباه الموصلاتAs

Asbestos

A group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung disease decades after…

المعادن الصناعية

Barite

A very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow out.

المعادن الصناعية

Bauxite

A reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and the only ore aluminium…

مواد النحاس والكهرباء

Beryllium

A very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust.

المواد النوويةBe

Bismuth

A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders, plumbing brass and stomach…

مواد الفضاء والدفاعBi

Boron

An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and neodymium — the strongest…

المعادن الصناعيةB

Bromine

The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water.

المعادن الصناعيةBr

Cadmium

A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels rather than in the batteries…

الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكيةCd

Caesium

The softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second.

مواد الفضاء والدفاعCs

Cement

Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue that holds concrete…

المعادن الصناعية

Cerium

The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a polishing powder and in…

عناصر الأرض النادرةCe

Chromium

The element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel grows an invisible film that…

الفولاذ والمعادن السبائكيةCr

Clays

Soft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which is why it can be shaped…

المعادن الصناعية

Cobalt

A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that holds its strength when…

مواد البطارياتCo

Construction Sand & Gravel

The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.

المعادن الصناعية

Copper

The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans have been smelting for…

مواد النحاس والكهرباءCu

Crude Oil

Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries more energy per litre than…

المواد الخام للطاقة

Crushed Stone

Rock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest tonnage humans move.

المعادن الصناعية

Diamond (Industrial)

Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug out of the ground.

المعادن الصناعية

Diatomite

Rock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on water.

المعادن الصناعية

Dimension Stone

Rock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold for what it looks like.

المعادن الصناعية

Dysprosium

A heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot.

عناصر الأرض النادرةDy

Erbium

The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back into electricity.

عناصر الأرض النادرةEr

Europium

The rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in every colour television.

عناصر الأرض النادرةEu

Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite

The most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt at a workable…

المعادن الصناعية

Fluorspar

Calcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from — including the fluorine in…

المعادن الصناعية

Gadolinium

A rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier to read.

عناصر الأرض النادرةGd

Gallium

A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast chargers, radar and LEDs.

مواد أشباه الموصلاتGa

Garnet (Industrial)

A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in waterjet cutting and…

المعادن الصناعية

Gemstones

Minerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity rather than on tonnage.

المعادن الثمينة

Germanium

The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and fibre-optic glass.

مواد أشباه الموصلاتGe

كل مادة في الأطلس

تصفح بالصور

Alumina

Aluminium

Antimony

Argon

Arsenic

Asbestos

Barite

Bauxite

Beryllium

Bismuth

Boron

Bromine

Cadmium

Caesium

Cement

Cerium

Chromium

Clays

Cobalt

Construction Sand & Gravel

Copper

Crude Oil

Crushed Stone

Diamond (Industrial)

Diatomite

Dimension Stone

Dysprosium

Erbium

Europium

Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite

Fluorspar

Gadolinium

Gallium

Garnet (Industrial)

Gemstones

Germanium

المواد

باطن الأرض

الاقتصاد

تعلّم

من نحن