Commodity Education

Tous · 146 Éléments de terres rares · 18 Matériaux pour l'aérospatiale & la défense · 10 Minéraux agricoles · 3 Matériaux de batteries · 5 Matériaux cuivre et électricité · 4 Matières premières énergétiques · 7 Minéraux industriels · 35 Matières nucléaires · 5 Métaux précieux · 10 Matériaux pour semiconducteurs · 11 Acier et métaux d'alliage · 13 Wood & Forest Products · 25

Minéral critique · 63 Stratégique · 36 Construction · 35 Sous-produit uniquement · 27 Transition énergétique · 26 Défense · 24 Chaîne des puces · 17 Forest Product · 12 Recyclable à grande échelle · 9 Chaîne des aimants · 8 Hardwood · 8 Softwood · 7 Renewable · 6 Chaîne alimentaire · 6 Engineered Wood · 4 Chaîne du réseau · 2

Trier: Rayon Nom Production mondiale Réserves Dépendance des États-Unis aux importations Filtre complet → Tableau périodique →

146 materials shown. Figures are from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · as each source defines it for each commodity · source ↗

Faire défiler le tableau latéralement pour afficher les colonnes restantes.

Rayon 01 · 18 matériaux

Éléments de terres rares

Dix-sept éléments chimiquement proches qui composent les aimants les plus puissants et les luminophores les plus brillants.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Rare Earths (all) critiqueA family of seventeen metals that are not actually rare in the ground, but are hard to separate…	390,000metric tons · Mine production	85,000,000	China69% de la production mondiale†	—
Neodymium critiqueThe rare earth at the heart of the strongest magnet ever made — the kind in headphones, hard…	non publié	—	—	—
Praseodymium critiqueNeodymium's near-twin, so alike that magnet makers usually do not bother separating the two and…	non publié	—	—	—
Dysprosium critiqueA heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot.	non publié	—	—	—
Terbium critiqueThe scarcest of the four magnet rare earths, used in tiny quantities to make a magnet survive…	non publié	—	—	—
Lanthanum critiqueThe first of the rare earths, used by the tonne in the catalysts that crack crude oil into…	non publié	—	—	—
Cerium critiqueThe most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a…	non publié	—	—	—
Samarium critiqueThe rare earth in the magnet that works where neodymium cannot: very hot, or very cold, or in a…	non publié	—	—	—
Europium critiqueThe rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in…	non publié	—	—	—
Gadolinium critiqueA rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier…	non publié	—	—	—
Yttrium critiqueCounted as a rare earth even though it sits elsewhere on the periodic table, because it behaves…	12,500metric tons · mine production of Y2O3 equivalent contained in rare-earth mineral concentrates	—	Chinapart non publiée	100%
Scandium critiqueA light metal that makes aluminium dramatically stronger and weldable — and which is produced…	80.00metric tons · global production	—	Chinapart non publiée	100%
Holmium critiqueThe rare earth with the strongest magnetic moment of any element, used in the pole pieces of…	non publié	—	—	—
Erbium critiqueThe rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back…	non publié	—	—	—
Thulium critiqueThe least abundant stable rare earth, used in portable X-ray sources and in surgical lasers.	non publié	—	—	—
Ytterbium critiqueA rare earth used in the fibre lasers that cut steel in factories, and in some of the most…	non publié	—	—	—
Lutetium critiqueThe last and densest rare earth, used in the crystals that detect gamma rays inside a PET…	non publié	—	—	—
PromethiumThe one rare earth with no stable form at all — every atom of it is radioactive and decays…	non publié	—	—	—

Rayon 02 · 10 matériaux

Matériaux pour l'aérospatiale & la défense

Métaux choisis pour leur résistance à haute température ou pour leurs propriétés de blindage.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Titanium critiqueA metal as strong as steel at about half the weight, which does not corrode in seawater or in…	370,000metric tons · Titanium sponge metal production	—	China70% de la production mondiale†	—
Titanium Mineral Concentrates critiqueBlack beach sand — ilmenite and rutile — that is the starting point both for titanium metal and…	9,400thousand metric tons · Mine production: ilmenite, rounded	490,000	—	88%
Tungsten critiqueThe metal with the highest melting point of them all — you can heat it to 3,400 C before it…	85,000metric tons · Mine production	4,700,000	China79% de la production mondiale	50%
Niobium critiqueA metal that makes steel much stronger when added in tiny amounts — a few hundred grams per…	112,000metric tons · Mine production	21,000,000	Brazil93% de la production mondiale†	100%
Tantalum critiqueA dense metal whose oxide layer stores charge extremely reliably, which is why it is in the…	2,500metric tons · Mine production	—	Congo (Kinshasa)52% de la production mondiale	100%
Rhenium critiqueOne of the rarest metals in the crust, recovered from molybdenum roasting, and the ingredient…	81,000kilograms · Mine production	—	Chile37% de la production mondiale	75%
Antimony critiqueA brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer…	110,000metric tons · Mine production	2,000,000	China36% de la production mondiale	—
Bismuth critiqueA heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders…	16,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	China88% de la production mondiale	92%
Caesium critiqueThe softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second.	non publié	—	—	100%
Rubidium critiqueCaesium's cheaper neighbour, recovered from the same rare deposits, and the basis of the atomic…	non publié	—	—	100%

Rayon 03 · 3 matériaux

Minéraux agricoles

Les nutriments miniers qui alimentent les cultures — et donc les hommes.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Phosphate Rock critiqueRock full of the element phosphorus — the P in fertiliser, and now the P in the LFP batteries…	250,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	73,000,000	China44% de la production mondiale	—
Potash critiquePotassium salts mined from ancient dried-up seas — the K in NPK fertiliser, which plants need…	49,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	10,000,000	Canada31% de la production mondiale	92%
Nitrogen (Ammonia)Nitrogen pulled out of the air and joined to hydrogen under pressure — the invention that…	160,000thousand metric tons · Plant production	—	China31% de la production mondiale†	—

Rayon 04 · 5 matériaux

Matériaux de batteries

Ce qui compose une cellule rechargeable — et à quoi elle est connectée.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Lithium critiqueA soft, silvery metal so light it floats on water, and the element that lets a rechargeable…	290,000metric tons · Mine production	37,000,000	Australia32% de la production mondiale	50%
Cobalt critiqueA hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that…	310,000metric tons · Mine production	12,000,000	Congo (Kinshasa)74% de la production mondiale	79%
Nickel critiqueA silvery metal that resists rust, which is why it goes into stainless steel — and, more…	3,900,000metric tons · Mine production	140,000,000	Indonesia67% de la production mondiale	41%
Graphite critiquePure carbon in soft, slippery sheets — the same stuff as pencil lead — and the material that…	1,800,000metric tons · Mine production	310,000,000	China78% de la production mondiale	100%
Manganese critiqueA brittle grey metal that steel cannot be made without, and that is now being used to stretch…	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	1,700,000	South Africa37% de la production mondiale	100%

Rayon 05 · 4 matériaux

Matériaux cuivre et électricité

Les métaux conducteurs de courant, du fil électrique domestique au réseau national.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Copper critiqueThe reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans…	23,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	980,000	Chile23% de la production mondiale	—
Aluminium critiqueA light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite —…	74,000thousand metric tons · Smelter production	—	China61% de la production mondiale†	60%
Bauxite critiqueA reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and…	440,000thousand metric dry tons · Bauxite, mine production	29,000,000	—	75%
Alumina critiqueA fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium…	150,000thousand metric dry tons · Alumina, refinery production	—	China62% de la production mondiale†	71%

Rayon 06 · 7 matériaux

Matières premières énergétiques

Le carbone et le gaz que l'économie continue de brûler, et la roche dont ils sont extraits.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Crude OilAncient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries…	non publié	—	—	—
Oil Sands & BitumenSand soaked in oil so thick it will not flow — it has to be mined like ore or heated…	non publié	—	—	—
Natural GasMostly methane, the lightest hydrocarbon, and the source of nearly all the hydrogen used by…	non publié	—	—	—
Metallurgical CoalCoal of the specific quality that, when baked without air, turns into coke — the hard carbon…	non publié	—	—	—
Thermal CoalCoal burned to make steam and therefore electricity — still, despite everything, one of the…	non publié	—	—	—
Petroleum CokeThe solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium…	non publié	—	—	—
PeatHalf-rotted plant matter from waterlogged bogs — the first stage on the road from a swamp to a…	17,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	13,000,000	Finland15% de la production mondiale†	80%

Rayon 07 · 35 matériaux

Minéraux industriels

Roches et sels non métalliques utilisés par tonne : ciment, verre, produits chimiques, abrasifs.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
CementPowdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue…	3,800,000thousand metric tons · Cement production	—	China45% de la production mondiale†	21%
SaltSodium chloride — the seasoning on a table, and the feedstock for the chlorine and caustic soda…	270,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	China21% de la production mondiale†	31%
Soda AshSodium carbonate, mined from trona rock or made from salt, and the second ingredient in almost…	19,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: natural, rounded	25,000,000	—	—
Fluorspar critiqueCalcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from —…	10,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	330,000	China60% de la production mondiale	100%
Barite critiqueA very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow…	8,700thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	India34% de la production mondiale	75%
Boron critiqueAn element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and…	non publié	—	Turkeypart non divulguée	—
HeliumThe only element cold enough to keep an MRI magnet superconducting, and the only one light…	190.0million cubic meters · Helium Production	—	United States43% de la production mondiale†	—
Silicon Carbide & AbrasivesMan-made grit — silicon carbide and fused alumina — harder than almost every natural mineral…	non publié	—	—	—
SulfurA yellow element stripped out of oil and gas to stop it polluting, then turned into sulfuric…	84,000thousand metric tons · Production, all forms	—	China23% de la production mondiale†	—
LimeLimestone burned until it becomes quicklime — a chemical used to purify steel, treat water and…	420,000thousand metric tons · Production	—	China74% de la production mondiale†	—
Construction Sand & GravelThe most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.	non publié	—	—	—
GypsumA soft white rock that becomes plasterboard — the interior surface of most buildings in the…	160,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	United States12% de la production mondiale†	—
Diamond (Industrial)Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug…	38.00million carats · Mine production	1,700	Russia42% de la production mondiale†	—
ClaysSoft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which…	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Bentonite, rounded	—	—	—
MicaA mineral that splits into sheets so thin you can see through them, and that resists both heat…	non publié	—	—	—
Talc & PyrophylliteThe softest mineral there is — a fingernail scratches it — used as a filler that makes plastics…	6,900thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	Korea, Republic of4% de la production mondiale†	—
PerliteA volcanic glass with water trapped inside it that pops like popcorn when heated, expanding to…	4,600thousand metric tons · Production	—	China33% de la production mondiale†	23%
DiatomiteRock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on…	2,500thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	United States29% de la production mondiale†	—
VermiculiteA mica-like mineral that unfolds into a concertina when heated, becoming light, fireproof and…	460.0thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	South Africa35% de la production mondiale†	25%
Industrial Sand & GravelSand selected for what it is made of rather than what size it is — nearly pure quartz, for…	430,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	United States28% de la production mondiale†	—
Magnesium CompoundsMagnesia and its relatives, made from magnesite rock or extracted from seawater, which survive…	21,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	7,800,000	—	59%
Iron Oxide PigmentsRust, refined — the reds, yellows, browns and blacks that have coloured paint and pottery since…	non publié	—	—	—
ArgonAlmost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from…	non publié	—	—	—
IodineA purple-black element that turns straight from solid to vapour, extracted from ancient nitrate…	34,000metric tons · Mine production	6,300,000	—	50%
BromineThe only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water.	430,000metric tons · Production	—	—	25%
StrontiumA soft metal whose salts burn bright red, which is why every red firework contains it.	450,000metric tons · Mine production	—	Iran56% de la production mondiale†	100%
Feldspar & Nepheline SyeniteThe most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt…	31,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	India19% de la production mondiale†	95%
Garnet (Industrial)A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in…	730,000metric tons · Mine production	—	Australia48% de la production mondiale†	71%
Zeolites (Natural)Minerals full of molecule-sized cages that trap specific ions and gases and let everything else…	1,300,000metric tons · Mine production	—	Slovakia22% de la production mondiale†	—
Kyanite & Related MineralsBlue-bladed crystals that expand rather than shrink when fired, which makes them the backbone…	non publié	—	—	—
Pumice & PumiciteVolcanic froth — rock so full of gas bubbles that it floats — quarried for lightweight concrete…	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	Turkey48% de la production mondiale†	—
Crushed StoneRock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest…	non publié	—	—	—
Dimension StoneRock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold…	non publié	—	—	85%
WollastoniteA needle-shaped white mineral used as a safe replacement for asbestos fibre in brakes, boards…	860,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
AsbestosA group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung…	960,000metric tons · Mine production	150,000,000	Russia32% de la production mondiale†	100%

Rayon 08 · 5 matériaux

Matières nucléaires

Combustibles, modérateurs et blindages pour la fission — et les métaux dont aurait besoin un réacteur à fusion.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur
UraniumA heavy, faintly radioactive metal whose nucleus can be split, releasing about two million…	non publié	—	—
ThoriumA weakly radioactive metal three to four times more common than uranium, which can be bred into…	non publié	—	—
Zirconium critiqueA metal that barely absorbs neutrons, which is why nuclear fuel rods are wrapped in it, and…	1,200thousand metric tons · Zirconium mineral concentrates, mine production (thousand metric tons, gross weight)	70,000	Australia33% de la production mondiale†
Hafnium critiqueZirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and…	non publié	—	—
Beryllium critiqueA very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust.	430.0metric tons · Mine production	—	United States53% de la production mondiale

Rayon 09 · 10 matériaux

Métaux précieux

L'or, l'argent et le groupe du platine — monnaie, catalyseurs et contacts.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Platinum-Group Metals critiqueSix metals — platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium — that occur together…	non publié	76,000,000	—	—
Silver critiqueThe best electrical conductor there is, and the metal that has been used as money for longer…	26,000metric tons · Mine production	610,000	Mexico24% de la production mondiale	77%
GoldThe metal that does not tarnish, does not corrode and never runs out once mined — which is why…	3,300metric tons · Mine production	66,000	China12% de la production mondiale†	—
Platinum critiqueA dense, unreactive metal that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed by them.	170,000kilograms · Mine production: Platinum, rounded	—	South Africa71% de la production mondiale	89%
Palladium critiquePlatinum's cheaper cousin for most of the twentieth century, then briefly more expensive than…	190,000kilograms · Mine production: Palladium, rounded	—	Russia44% de la production mondiale	57%
Rhodium critiqueThe rarest of the metals traded in any volume, produced in tens of tonnes a year, and the only…	non publié	—	—	—
Iridium critiqueThe most corrosion-resistant metal known, and the second densest — a litre of it weighs about…	non publié	—	—	—
Ruthenium critiqueA hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip…	non publié	—	—	—
OsmiumThe densest naturally occurring element, and one of the least used — most of it sits unrefined…	non publié	—	—	—
GemstonesMinerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity…	69,000 thousands of carats · Mine production	2,000,000	Russia30% de la production mondiale†	99%

Rayon 10 · 11 matériaux

Matériaux pour semiconducteurs

Les éléments et composés d'une pureté extrême à partir desquels les puces sont élaborées, dopées et câblées.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Silicon critiqueThe second-most-common element in the Earth's crust — ordinary sand — purified until only one…	5,000thousand metric tons · Ferrosilicon	China87% de la production mondiale	—
Gallium critiqueA silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast…	900,000kilograms · Primary production	China100% de la production mondiale	100%
Germanium critiqueThe element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and…	non publié	Chinapart non publiée	50%
Indium critiqueA soft metal whose oxide is both transparent and electrically conductive — the invisible wiring…	1,100metric tons · Refinery production	China69% de la production mondiale	100%
Tellurium critiqueA brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank…	1,000metric tons · Refinery production	China80% de la production mondiale	25%
Arsenic critiqueFamous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind…	61,000metric tons · Production (arsenic trioxide, gross weight)	Peru49% de la production mondiale	100%
High-Purity QuartzQuartz sand so free of other elements that it can be melted into the crucible a silicon crystal…	non publié	—	—
NeonA noble gas so unreactive it forms no compounds at all, separated out of ordinary air in tiny…	800.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	United States14% de la production mondiale†	52%
KryptonA rare noble gas, about one part per million of the air, separated only where enough air is…	110.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	United States1% de la production mondiale†	93%
XenonThe rarest stable gas in the atmosphere — under one part in ten million — and the heaviest…	12.00million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	United States1% de la production mondiale†	98%
ThalliumA soft, extremely toxic metal recovered in tiny amounts from smelter dusts.	non publié	—	—

Rayon 11 · 13 matériaux

Acier et métaux d'alliage

Le fer et la douzaine d'éléments qui permettent d'en faire des milliers d'aciers différents.

Matériau	Production mondiale 2025	Réserves mondiales	Principal producteur	États-Unis importé
Iron OreRust-coloured rock that is roughly one-third to two-thirds iron, and the single largest tonnage…	2,600,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Usable ore, rounded	87,000	—	—
Iron & SteelIron with a little carbon in it, and the most-produced manufactured material on the planet.	360.0million metric tons · world iron slag production was estimated to be between 330 million and 390 million tons,	—	—	—
Chromium critiqueThe element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel…	51,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	540,000	South Africa45% de la production mondiale	79%
MolybdenumA silvery metal added to steel so it keeps its strength at high temperature and under pressure.	260,000metric tons · Mine production	17,000	China37% de la production mondiale†	—
Vanadium critiqueA metal that makes rebar dramatically stronger in tiny doses, and that can also store…	110,000metric tons · Mine production	21,000	China75% de la production mondiale	41%
Zinc critiqueThe metal that steel is dipped in so it does not rust — a sacrificial coating that corrodes…	13,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	240,000	China32% de la production mondiale	—
Tin critiqueA soft metal with a low melting point, which is why nearly every electrical joint in every…	290,000metric tons · Mine production	6,000,000	China24% de la production mondiale	—
Lead critiqueA soft, dense, blue-grey metal that blocks radiation and stores charge cheaply — and that is…	4,500thousand metric tons · Mine production	95,000	China42% de la production mondiale	—
Magnesium Metal critiqueThe lightest structural metal, about a third lighter than aluminium, and the ingredient that…	1,100thousand metric tons · Smelter production	—	China86% de la production mondiale†	75%
CadmiumA toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels…	23,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	China41% de la production mondiale†	25%
SeleniumAn element recovered from copper refinery slimes, used in glass, in animal feed and in…	3,800metric tons · Refinery production	—	China53% de la production mondiale†	50%
MercuryThe only metal that is liquid at room temperature, and one of the most tightly regulated…	210.0metric tons · Mine production	—	China95% de la production mondiale†	—
Iron & Steel ScrapOld steel collected to be melted into new steel — the largest recycling stream on the planet by…	non publié	—	—	—

Rayon 12 · 25 matériaux

Wood & Forest Products

The only structural material that grows back - what it is, where it is standing, how it is cut and graded, and who buys it.

Matériau	Production mondiale	Principal producteur
Standing TimberThe wood that is still a tree. Every board, panel and sheet of paper on the site starts here…	non publié	—
Industrial RoundwoodLogs. The tree after felling and before anything has been done to it except cutting it to…	non publié	—
Softwood LumberSawn boards from coniferous trees - the 2x4s and joists that most of the world's houses are…	non publié	—
Hardwood LumberSawn boards from broadleaved trees - what furniture, flooring, cabinets and barrels are made of.	non publié	—
Wood-Based PanelsSheets made by gluing wood back together - veneers, chips, strands or fibres pressed into a…	non publié	—
PlywoodThin layers of wood peeled from a log and glued in a stack with the grain crossed at right…	non publié	—
Oriented Strand BoardA structural panel made from long wood strands laid in layers and pressed - the cheaper…	non publié	—
Mass TimberStructural timber built up from smaller pieces into beams, columns and whole floor slabs big…	non publié	—
Wood PulpWood reduced to its individual fibres, by cooking or by grinding, ready to be made into paper…	non publié	—
Wood PelletsSawdust and shavings dried and squeezed into uniform cylinders that can be handled, shipped and…	non publié	—
Wood FuelWood cut to be burned - firewood and the charcoal made from it. Still the largest single use of…	non publié	—
Recovered WoodWood collected after use - pallets, crates, demolition timber and furniture - and sent back…	non publié	—
Southern Yellow PineA fast-grown, dense, strong southern US pine - the workhorse of American framing and the only…	non publié	—
Douglas FirNot a true fir. The strongest and stiffest softwood in wide structural use, and the species…	non publié	—
Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF)A marketing group, not a species: several interchangeable northern softwoods graded and sold…	non publié	—
Hem-FirWestern hemlock sold together with the true firs that grow alongside it, as a single graded…	non publié	—
Western Red CedarA light, soft, aromatic softwood whose heartwood resists decay without any treatment at all.	non publié	—
Radiata PineA Californian pine with a tiny natural range that became the most widely planted plantation…	non publié	—
White OakA dense, pale hardwood whose closed cell structure makes it watertight - which is why barrels…	non publié	—
Red OakThe volume hardwood of North America: strong, open-pored, pinkish, and sawn in greater quantity…	non publié	—
Hard MapleA very hard, pale, fine-grained hardwood that takes heavy wear without denting - the standard…	non publié	—
Black WalnutThe dark, strong, dimensionally stable hardwood that American furniture and gunstocks are made…	non publié	—
Yellow PoplarA fast-growing, light, straight-grained American hardwood - neither a poplar nor yellow in the…	non publié	—
TeakA tropical hardwood whose natural oils make it hold up outdoors and against saltwater better…	non publié	—
EucalyptusThe fastest-growing hardwood planted at scale, harvested on rotations as short as six or seven…	non publié	—

† Calculé à partir du tableau de production de l'USGS : la production du principal pays divisée par le total mondial. Lorsque l'USGS publie directement la part, c'est cette valeur qui est indiquée.

Photographies sur cette page · 159

Azurite-malachite-specimen.jpg Mineral specimen featuring azurite, mala… · Δανάη Κωτσιομύτη · CC BY-SA 4.0
Elementares Neodym.jpg · Tobias Meints · CC BY-SA 4.0
Turbine disc and blades of sectioned Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop.jpg · Olivier Cleynen · CC BY-SA 3.0
Potash evaporation ponds near Moab, UT, May 2013.jpg · Orange Suede Sofa · CC BY-SA 3.0
Tesla Gigafactory 1 - December 2019.jpg · Smnt · CC BY-SA 4.0
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TurowCoalMine.jpg · Petr Vodička · CC BY-SA 4.0
Königswartha Caminau Kaolin quarry Aerial.jpg · Gunther Tschuch · CC BY-SA 4.0
Yellow Cake Uranium (14492248719).jpg · Nuclear Regulatory Commission from US · Public domain
Gold bullion bars.jpg · Stevebidmead · CC0
Wafer 2 20140922.jpg · Santi · CC BY-SA 2.0
Iron and slag tapping from a blast furnace tap hole — Випуск продуктів … · Blast furnace chip worker · CC BY-SA 3.0
Houtzagerij Sagi Tschiertschen 03.jpg · Dominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0
Titanium sponge cylinder, 120 grams.jpg · Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements · CC BY 3.0
Ilmenite sand.jpg · Mx. Granger · CC0
Wolframiteportugal2.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 3.0
2024 Artsy Niobium Cavity - Flickr - Jefferson Lab.jpg · Jefferson Lab from Newport News, USA · Public domain
Polymer Tantalum Capacitor Cross Section.jpg · TubeTimeUS · CC BY-SA 4.0
Rhenium metal.jpg · Keresluna · CC BY-SA 4.0
Stibnite, Antimony sulfide.jpg · Bobjgalindo · CC BY-SA 4.0
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Pollucite Paprok MNHN Minéralogie.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
Rb5.JPG · Dnn87 · CC BY 3.0
Apatite Sapo Mine Minéraux SU.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
Sylvite-halite-carnallite-polyhalite (Salado Formation, Upper Permian; … · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
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Cobaltite (GeoDIL number - 1151).jpg · Darla Sondrol · CC0
Pyrrhotite with pentlandite (late Paleoproterozoic, 1.85 Ga; 800 Orebod… · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
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Pyrolusite Mineral with Dendrite Macro Digon3.jpg · “Jonathan Zander ( Digon3 )" · CC BY-SA 3.0
Chalcopyrite botroïdale.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 3.0
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Trona - USGS Mineral Specimens 1116.jpg · Andrew Silver · Public domain
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Garnet - Spessartine crystal detail.jpg · ButtShark · CC0
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Ru metal 1g.JPG · Leiem · CC BY-SA 4.0
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Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine, Mountain Pass, California (15470415247).jpg · Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0
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Dysprosium (Element - 66) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Terbium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
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Samarium shards.jpg · brainandforce · CC0
Europium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
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Scandium (Element - 21).jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Holmium shards.jpg · brainandforce · CC0
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Thulium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
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PET-schema.png · Jens Maus ( https://jens-maus.de/ ) · Public domain
Promethium (Element - 61) 1.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
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Tellurium crystals.jpg · Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements · CC BY 3.0
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Thallium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
Hematite (iron ore) (weathered zone in the Biwabik Iron-Formation, Whit… · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
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Sphalerite - Creede, Mineral County, Colorado, USA.jpg · Ivar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0
Cassiterite (GeoDIL number - 37).jpg · Shannon Heinle · CC0
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Cadmium (Element - 48) 3.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
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