Commodity Education

सभी · 146 दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व · 18 एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री · 10 कृषि खनिज · 3 बैटरी सामग्री · 5 तांबा और विद्युत सामग्री · 4 ऊर्जा कच्चे माल · 7 औद्योगिक खनिज · 35 परमाणु सामग्री · 5 बहुमूल्य धातुएँ · 10 अर्धचालक सामग्री · 11 इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ · 13 Wood & Forest Products · 25

क्रिटिकल मिनरल · 63 सामरिक · 36 निर्माण · 35 केवल उपोत्पाद · 27 ऊर्जा संक्रमण · 26 रक्षा · 24 चिप शृंखला · 17 Forest Product · 12 बड़े पैमाने पर पुनर्चक्रण योग्य · 9 चुंबक शृंखला · 8 Hardwood · 8 Softwood · 7 Renewable · 6 खाद्य शृंखला · 6 Engineered Wood · 4 ग्रिड शृंखला · 2

क्रमबद्ध करें: शेल्फ नाम विश्व उत्पादन भंडार अमेरिकी आयात निर्भरता पूर्ण स्क्रीनर → आवर्त सारणी →

146 materials shown. Figures are from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · as each source defines it for each commodity · स्रोत ↗

शेष कॉलम देखने के लिए तालिका को बगल में स्क्रॉल करें।

शेल्फ 01 · 18 सामग्रियाँ

दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व

सत्रह रासायनिक रूप से समान तत्व जो सबसे शक्तिशाली चुंबक और सबसे चमकीले फॉस्फ़र बनाते हैं।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Rare Earths (all) क्रिटिकलA family of seventeen metals that are not actually rare in the ground, but are hard to separate…	390,000metric tons · Mine production	85,000,000	China69% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Neodymium क्रिटिकलThe rare earth at the heart of the strongest magnet ever made — the kind in headphones, hard…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Praseodymium क्रिटिकलNeodymium's near-twin, so alike that magnet makers usually do not bother separating the two and…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Dysprosium क्रिटिकलA heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot.	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Terbium क्रिटिकलThe scarcest of the four magnet rare earths, used in tiny quantities to make a magnet survive…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Lanthanum क्रिटिकलThe first of the rare earths, used by the tonne in the catalysts that crack crude oil into…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Cerium क्रिटिकलThe most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Samarium क्रिटिकलThe rare earth in the magnet that works where neodymium cannot: very hot, or very cold, or in a…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Europium क्रिटिकलThe rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Gadolinium क्रिटिकलA rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Yttrium क्रिटिकलCounted as a rare earth even though it sits elsewhere on the periodic table, because it behaves…	12,500metric tons · mine production of Y2O3 equivalent contained in rare-earth mineral concentrates	—	Chinaहिस्सेदारी प्रकाशित नहीं	100%
Scandium क्रिटिकलA light metal that makes aluminium dramatically stronger and weldable — and which is produced…	80.00metric tons · global production	—	Chinaहिस्सेदारी प्रकाशित नहीं	100%
Holmium क्रिटिकलThe rare earth with the strongest magnetic moment of any element, used in the pole pieces of…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Erbium क्रिटिकलThe rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Thulium क्रिटिकलThe least abundant stable rare earth, used in portable X-ray sources and in surgical lasers.	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Ytterbium क्रिटिकलA rare earth used in the fibre lasers that cut steel in factories, and in some of the most…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Lutetium क्रिटिकलThe last and densest rare earth, used in the crystals that detect gamma rays inside a PET…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
PromethiumThe one rare earth with no stable form at all — every atom of it is radioactive and decays…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—

शेल्फ 02 · 10 सामग्रियाँ

एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री

वे धातुएँ जो उच्च तापमान पर मज़बूती के लिए या अवरोध के लिए चुनी जाती हैं।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Titanium क्रिटिकलA metal as strong as steel at about half the weight, which does not corrode in seawater or in…	370,000metric tons · Titanium sponge metal production	—	China70% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Titanium Mineral Concentrates क्रिटिकलBlack beach sand — ilmenite and rutile — that is the starting point both for titanium metal and…	9,400thousand metric tons · Mine production: ilmenite, rounded	490,000	—	88%
Tungsten क्रिटिकलThe metal with the highest melting point of them all — you can heat it to 3,400 C before it…	85,000metric tons · Mine production	4,700,000	China79% विश्व उत्पादन का	50%
Niobium क्रिटिकलA metal that makes steel much stronger when added in tiny amounts — a few hundred grams per…	112,000metric tons · Mine production	21,000,000	Brazil93% विश्व उत्पादन का†	100%
Tantalum क्रिटिकलA dense metal whose oxide layer stores charge extremely reliably, which is why it is in the…	2,500metric tons · Mine production	—	Congo (Kinshasa)52% विश्व उत्पादन का	100%
Rhenium क्रिटिकलOne of the rarest metals in the crust, recovered from molybdenum roasting, and the ingredient…	81,000kilograms · Mine production	—	Chile37% विश्व उत्पादन का	75%
Antimony क्रिटिकलA brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer…	110,000metric tons · Mine production	2,000,000	China36% विश्व उत्पादन का	—
Bismuth क्रिटिकलA heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders…	16,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	China88% विश्व उत्पादन का	92%
Caesium क्रिटिकलThe softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second.	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	100%
Rubidium क्रिटिकलCaesium's cheaper neighbour, recovered from the same rare deposits, and the basis of the atomic…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	100%

शेल्फ 03 · 3 सामग्रियाँ

कृषि खनिज

खनित पोषक तत्व जो फ़सलों को — और इसलिए मनुष्यों को — पोषण देते हैं।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Phosphate Rock क्रिटिकलRock full of the element phosphorus — the P in fertiliser, and now the P in the LFP batteries…	250,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	73,000,000	China44% विश्व उत्पादन का	—
Potash क्रिटिकलPotassium salts mined from ancient dried-up seas — the K in NPK fertiliser, which plants need…	49,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	10,000,000	Canada31% विश्व उत्पादन का	92%
Nitrogen (Ammonia)Nitrogen pulled out of the air and joined to hydrogen under pressure — the invention that…	160,000thousand metric tons · Plant production	—	China31% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—

शेल्फ 04 · 5 सामग्रियाँ

बैटरी सामग्री

रिचार्जेबल सेल के भीतर क्या होता है — और सेल किससे जुड़ी होती है।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Lithium क्रिटिकलA soft, silvery metal so light it floats on water, and the element that lets a rechargeable…	290,000metric tons · Mine production	37,000,000	Australia32% विश्व उत्पादन का	50%
Cobalt क्रिटिकलA hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that…	310,000metric tons · Mine production	12,000,000	Congo (Kinshasa)74% विश्व उत्पादन का	79%
Nickel क्रिटिकलA silvery metal that resists rust, which is why it goes into stainless steel — and, more…	3,900,000metric tons · Mine production	140,000,000	Indonesia67% विश्व उत्पादन का	41%
Graphite क्रिटिकलPure carbon in soft, slippery sheets — the same stuff as pencil lead — and the material that…	1,800,000metric tons · Mine production	310,000,000	China78% विश्व उत्पादन का	100%
Manganese क्रिटिकलA brittle grey metal that steel cannot be made without, and that is now being used to stretch…	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	1,700,000	South Africa37% विश्व उत्पादन का	100%

शेल्फ 05 · 4 सामग्रियाँ

तांबा और विद्युत सामग्री

वे धातुएँ जो विद्युत प्रवाहित करती हैं, घरेलू तार से राष्ट्रीय ग्रिड तक।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Copper क्रिटिकलThe reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans…	23,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	980,000	Chile23% विश्व उत्पादन का	—
Aluminium क्रिटिकलA light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite —…	74,000thousand metric tons · Smelter production	—	China61% विश्व उत्पादन का†	60%
Bauxite क्रिटिकलA reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and…	440,000thousand metric dry tons · Bauxite, mine production	29,000,000	—	75%
Alumina क्रिटिकलA fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium…	150,000thousand metric dry tons · Alumina, refinery production	—	China62% विश्व उत्पादन का†	71%

शेल्फ 06 · 7 सामग्रियाँ

ऊर्जा कच्चे माल

कार्बन और गैस जिसे अर्थव्यवस्था अभी भी जलाती है, और वह चट्टान जिससे वे निकलते हैं।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Crude OilAncient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Oil Sands & BitumenSand soaked in oil so thick it will not flow — it has to be mined like ore or heated…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Natural GasMostly methane, the lightest hydrocarbon, and the source of nearly all the hydrogen used by…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Metallurgical CoalCoal of the specific quality that, when baked without air, turns into coke — the hard carbon…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Thermal CoalCoal burned to make steam and therefore electricity — still, despite everything, one of the…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Petroleum CokeThe solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
PeatHalf-rotted plant matter from waterlogged bogs — the first stage on the road from a swamp to a…	17,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	13,000,000	Finland15% विश्व उत्पादन का†	80%

शेल्फ 07 · 35 सामग्रियाँ

औद्योगिक खनिज

टन के हिसाब से उपयोग की जाने वाली अधात्विक चट्टान और लवण: सीमेंट, काँच, रसायन, अपघर्षक।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
CementPowdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue…	3,800,000thousand metric tons · Cement production	—	China45% विश्व उत्पादन का†	21%
SaltSodium chloride — the seasoning on a table, and the feedstock for the chlorine and caustic soda…	270,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	China21% विश्व उत्पादन का†	31%
Soda AshSodium carbonate, mined from trona rock or made from salt, and the second ingredient in almost…	19,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: natural, rounded	25,000,000	—	—
Fluorspar क्रिटिकलCalcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from —…	10,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	330,000	China60% विश्व उत्पादन का	100%
Barite क्रिटिकलA very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow…	8,700thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	India34% विश्व उत्पादन का	75%
Boron क्रिटिकलAn element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	Turkeyहिस्सेदारी अप्रकाशित	—
HeliumThe only element cold enough to keep an MRI magnet superconducting, and the only one light…	190.0million cubic meters · Helium Production	—	United States43% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Silicon Carbide & AbrasivesMan-made grit — silicon carbide and fused alumina — harder than almost every natural mineral…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
SulfurA yellow element stripped out of oil and gas to stop it polluting, then turned into sulfuric…	84,000thousand metric tons · Production, all forms	—	China23% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
LimeLimestone burned until it becomes quicklime — a chemical used to purify steel, treat water and…	420,000thousand metric tons · Production	—	China74% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Construction Sand & GravelThe most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
GypsumA soft white rock that becomes plasterboard — the interior surface of most buildings in the…	160,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	United States12% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Diamond (Industrial)Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug…	38.00million carats · Mine production	1,700	Russia42% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
ClaysSoft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which…	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Bentonite, rounded	—	—	—
MicaA mineral that splits into sheets so thin you can see through them, and that resists both heat…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Talc & PyrophylliteThe softest mineral there is — a fingernail scratches it — used as a filler that makes plastics…	6,900thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	Korea, Republic of4% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
PerliteA volcanic glass with water trapped inside it that pops like popcorn when heated, expanding to…	4,600thousand metric tons · Production	—	China33% विश्व उत्पादन का†	23%
DiatomiteRock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on…	2,500thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	United States29% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
VermiculiteA mica-like mineral that unfolds into a concertina when heated, becoming light, fireproof and…	460.0thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	South Africa35% विश्व उत्पादन का†	25%
Industrial Sand & GravelSand selected for what it is made of rather than what size it is — nearly pure quartz, for…	430,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	United States28% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Magnesium CompoundsMagnesia and its relatives, made from magnesite rock or extracted from seawater, which survive…	21,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	7,800,000	—	59%
Iron Oxide PigmentsRust, refined — the reds, yellows, browns and blacks that have coloured paint and pottery since…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
ArgonAlmost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
IodineA purple-black element that turns straight from solid to vapour, extracted from ancient nitrate…	34,000metric tons · Mine production	6,300,000	—	50%
BromineThe only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water.	430,000metric tons · Production	—	—	25%
StrontiumA soft metal whose salts burn bright red, which is why every red firework contains it.	450,000metric tons · Mine production	—	Iran56% विश्व उत्पादन का†	100%
Feldspar & Nepheline SyeniteThe most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt…	31,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	India19% विश्व उत्पादन का†	95%
Garnet (Industrial)A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in…	730,000metric tons · Mine production	—	Australia48% विश्व उत्पादन का†	71%
Zeolites (Natural)Minerals full of molecule-sized cages that trap specific ions and gases and let everything else…	1,300,000metric tons · Mine production	—	Slovakia22% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Kyanite & Related MineralsBlue-bladed crystals that expand rather than shrink when fired, which makes them the backbone…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Pumice & PumiciteVolcanic froth — rock so full of gas bubbles that it floats — quarried for lightweight concrete…	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	Turkey48% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Crushed StoneRock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Dimension StoneRock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	85%
WollastoniteA needle-shaped white mineral used as a safe replacement for asbestos fibre in brakes, boards…	860,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
AsbestosA group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung…	960,000metric tons · Mine production	150,000,000	Russia32% विश्व उत्पादन का†	100%

शेल्फ 08 · 5 सामग्रियाँ

परमाणु सामग्री

विखंडन के लिए ईंधन, मॉडरेटर और परिरक्षण — और वे धातुएँ जिनकी एक संलयन मशीन को आवश्यकता होगी।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक
UraniumA heavy, faintly radioactive metal whose nucleus can be split, releasing about two million…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—
ThoriumA weakly radioactive metal three to four times more common than uranium, which can be bred into…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—
Zirconium क्रिटिकलA metal that barely absorbs neutrons, which is why nuclear fuel rods are wrapped in it, and…	1,200thousand metric tons · Zirconium mineral concentrates, mine production (thousand metric tons, gross weight)	70,000	Australia33% विश्व उत्पादन का†
Hafnium क्रिटिकलZirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—
Beryllium क्रिटिकलA very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust.	430.0metric tons · Mine production	—	United States53% विश्व उत्पादन का

शेल्फ 09 · 10 सामग्रियाँ

बहुमूल्य धातुएँ

सोना, चाँदी और प्लैटिनम समूह — मुद्रा, उत्प्रेरक और संपर्क।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Platinum-Group Metals क्रिटिकलSix metals — platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium — that occur together…	प्रकाशित नहीं	76,000,000	—	—
Silver क्रिटिकलThe best electrical conductor there is, and the metal that has been used as money for longer…	26,000metric tons · Mine production	610,000	Mexico24% विश्व उत्पादन का	77%
GoldThe metal that does not tarnish, does not corrode and never runs out once mined — which is why…	3,300metric tons · Mine production	66,000	China12% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Platinum क्रिटिकलA dense, unreactive metal that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed by them.	170,000kilograms · Mine production: Platinum, rounded	—	South Africa71% विश्व उत्पादन का	89%
Palladium क्रिटिकलPlatinum's cheaper cousin for most of the twentieth century, then briefly more expensive than…	190,000kilograms · Mine production: Palladium, rounded	—	Russia44% विश्व उत्पादन का	57%
Rhodium क्रिटिकलThe rarest of the metals traded in any volume, produced in tens of tonnes a year, and the only…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Iridium क्रिटिकलThe most corrosion-resistant metal known, and the second densest — a litre of it weighs about…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
Ruthenium क्रिटिकलA hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
OsmiumThe densest naturally occurring element, and one of the least used — most of it sits unrefined…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—
GemstonesMinerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity…	69,000 thousands of carats · Mine production	2,000,000	Russia30% विश्व उत्पादन का†	99%

शेल्फ 10 · 11 सामग्रियाँ

अर्धचालक सामग्री

अति-शुद्ध तत्व और यौगिक जिनके साथ चिप उगाई, डोप और वायर्ड की जाती है।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Silicon क्रिटिकलThe second-most-common element in the Earth's crust — ordinary sand — purified until only one…	5,000thousand metric tons · Ferrosilicon	China87% विश्व उत्पादन का	—
Gallium क्रिटिकलA silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast…	900,000kilograms · Primary production	China100% विश्व उत्पादन का	100%
Germanium क्रिटिकलThe element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and…	प्रकाशित नहीं	Chinaहिस्सेदारी प्रकाशित नहीं	50%
Indium क्रिटिकलA soft metal whose oxide is both transparent and electrically conductive — the invisible wiring…	1,100metric tons · Refinery production	China69% विश्व उत्पादन का	100%
Tellurium क्रिटिकलA brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank…	1,000metric tons · Refinery production	China80% विश्व उत्पादन का	25%
Arsenic क्रिटिकलFamous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind…	61,000metric tons · Production (arsenic trioxide, gross weight)	Peru49% विश्व उत्पादन का	100%
High-Purity QuartzQuartz sand so free of other elements that it can be melted into the crucible a silicon crystal…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—
NeonA noble gas so unreactive it forms no compounds at all, separated out of ordinary air in tiny…	800.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	United States14% विश्व उत्पादन का†	52%
KryptonA rare noble gas, about one part per million of the air, separated only where enough air is…	110.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	United States1% विश्व उत्पादन का†	93%
XenonThe rarest stable gas in the atmosphere — under one part in ten million — and the heaviest…	12.00million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	United States1% विश्व उत्पादन का†	98%
ThalliumA soft, extremely toxic metal recovered in tiny amounts from smelter dusts.	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—

शेल्फ 11 · 13 सामग्रियाँ

इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ

लोहा और वे दर्जन भर तत्व जो इसे हज़ारों विभिन्न इस्पातों में बदलते हैं।

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन 2025	विश्व भंडार	अग्रणी उत्पादक	अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित
Iron OreRust-coloured rock that is roughly one-third to two-thirds iron, and the single largest tonnage…	2,600,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Usable ore, rounded	87,000	—	—
Iron & SteelIron with a little carbon in it, and the most-produced manufactured material on the planet.	360.0million metric tons · world iron slag production was estimated to be between 330 million and 390 million tons,	—	—	—
Chromium क्रिटिकलThe element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel…	51,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	540,000	South Africa45% विश्व उत्पादन का	79%
MolybdenumA silvery metal added to steel so it keeps its strength at high temperature and under pressure.	260,000metric tons · Mine production	17,000	China37% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Vanadium क्रिटिकलA metal that makes rebar dramatically stronger in tiny doses, and that can also store…	110,000metric tons · Mine production	21,000	China75% विश्व उत्पादन का	41%
Zinc क्रिटिकलThe metal that steel is dipped in so it does not rust — a sacrificial coating that corrodes…	13,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	240,000	China32% विश्व उत्पादन का	—
Tin क्रिटिकलA soft metal with a low melting point, which is why nearly every electrical joint in every…	290,000metric tons · Mine production	6,000,000	China24% विश्व उत्पादन का	—
Lead क्रिटिकलA soft, dense, blue-grey metal that blocks radiation and stores charge cheaply — and that is…	4,500thousand metric tons · Mine production	95,000	China42% विश्व उत्पादन का	—
Magnesium Metal क्रिटिकलThe lightest structural metal, about a third lighter than aluminium, and the ingredient that…	1,100thousand metric tons · Smelter production	—	China86% विश्व उत्पादन का†	75%
CadmiumA toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels…	23,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	China41% विश्व उत्पादन का†	25%
SeleniumAn element recovered from copper refinery slimes, used in glass, in animal feed and in…	3,800metric tons · Refinery production	—	China53% विश्व उत्पादन का†	50%
MercuryThe only metal that is liquid at room temperature, and one of the most tightly regulated…	210.0metric tons · Mine production	—	China95% विश्व उत्पादन का†	—
Iron & Steel ScrapOld steel collected to be melted into new steel — the largest recycling stream on the planet by…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—	—	—

शेल्फ 12 · 25 सामग्रियाँ

Wood & Forest Products

The only structural material that grows back - what it is, where it is standing, how it is cut and graded, and who buys it.

सामग्री	विश्व उत्पादन	अग्रणी उत्पादक
Standing TimberThe wood that is still a tree. Every board, panel and sheet of paper on the site starts here…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Industrial RoundwoodLogs. The tree after felling and before anything has been done to it except cutting it to…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Softwood LumberSawn boards from coniferous trees - the 2x4s and joists that most of the world's houses are…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Hardwood LumberSawn boards from broadleaved trees - what furniture, flooring, cabinets and barrels are made of.	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Wood-Based PanelsSheets made by gluing wood back together - veneers, chips, strands or fibres pressed into a…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
PlywoodThin layers of wood peeled from a log and glued in a stack with the grain crossed at right…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Oriented Strand BoardA structural panel made from long wood strands laid in layers and pressed - the cheaper…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Mass TimberStructural timber built up from smaller pieces into beams, columns and whole floor slabs big…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Wood PulpWood reduced to its individual fibres, by cooking or by grinding, ready to be made into paper…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Wood PelletsSawdust and shavings dried and squeezed into uniform cylinders that can be handled, shipped and…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Wood FuelWood cut to be burned - firewood and the charcoal made from it. Still the largest single use of…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Recovered WoodWood collected after use - pallets, crates, demolition timber and furniture - and sent back…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Southern Yellow PineA fast-grown, dense, strong southern US pine - the workhorse of American framing and the only…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Douglas FirNot a true fir. The strongest and stiffest softwood in wide structural use, and the species…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF)A marketing group, not a species: several interchangeable northern softwoods graded and sold…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Hem-FirWestern hemlock sold together with the true firs that grow alongside it, as a single graded…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Western Red CedarA light, soft, aromatic softwood whose heartwood resists decay without any treatment at all.	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Radiata PineA Californian pine with a tiny natural range that became the most widely planted plantation…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
White OakA dense, pale hardwood whose closed cell structure makes it watertight - which is why barrels…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Red OakThe volume hardwood of North America: strong, open-pored, pinkish, and sawn in greater quantity…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Hard MapleA very hard, pale, fine-grained hardwood that takes heavy wear without denting - the standard…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Black WalnutThe dark, strong, dimensionally stable hardwood that American furniture and gunstocks are made…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
Yellow PoplarA fast-growing, light, straight-grained American hardwood - neither a poplar nor yellow in the…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
TeakA tropical hardwood whose natural oils make it hold up outdoors and against saltwater better…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—
EucalyptusThe fastest-growing hardwood planted at scale, harvested on rotations as short as six or seven…	प्रकाशित नहीं	—

† USGS उत्पादन तालिका से परिकलित: अग्रणी देश का उत्पादन, विश्व कुल से विभाजित। जहाँ USGS स्वयं हिस्सेदारी प्रकाशित करता है, वहाँ वही आँकड़ा दिखाया गया है।

इस पृष्ठ पर छायाचित्र · 159

Azurite-malachite-specimen.jpg Mineral specimen featuring azurite, mala… · Δανάη Κωτσιομύτη · CC BY-SA 4.0
Elementares Neodym.jpg · Tobias Meints · CC BY-SA 4.0
Turbine disc and blades of sectioned Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop.jpg · Olivier Cleynen · CC BY-SA 3.0
Potash evaporation ponds near Moab, UT, May 2013.jpg · Orange Suede Sofa · CC BY-SA 3.0
Tesla Gigafactory 1 - December 2019.jpg · Smnt · CC BY-SA 4.0
Copper wire rod produced by LS Cable & System.jpg · Lsgeeks · CC BY-SA 3.0
TurowCoalMine.jpg · Petr Vodička · CC BY-SA 4.0
Königswartha Caminau Kaolin quarry Aerial.jpg · Gunther Tschuch · CC BY-SA 4.0
Yellow Cake Uranium (14492248719).jpg · Nuclear Regulatory Commission from US · Public domain
Gold bullion bars.jpg · Stevebidmead · CC0
Wafer 2 20140922.jpg · Santi · CC BY-SA 2.0
Iron and slag tapping from a blast furnace tap hole — Випуск продуктів … · Blast furnace chip worker · CC BY-SA 3.0
Houtzagerij Sagi Tschiertschen 03.jpg · Dominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0
Titanium sponge cylinder, 120 grams.jpg · Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements · CC BY 3.0
Ilmenite sand.jpg · Mx. Granger · CC0
Wolframiteportugal2.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 3.0
2024 Artsy Niobium Cavity - Flickr - Jefferson Lab.jpg · Jefferson Lab from Newport News, USA · Public domain
Polymer Tantalum Capacitor Cross Section.jpg · TubeTimeUS · CC BY-SA 4.0
Rhenium metal.jpg · Keresluna · CC BY-SA 4.0
Stibnite, Antimony sulfide.jpg · Bobjgalindo · CC BY-SA 4.0
Bismuth crystal Créer le cristal n01.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
Pollucite Paprok MNHN Minéralogie.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
Rb5.JPG · Dnn87 · CC BY 3.0
Apatite Sapo Mine Minéraux SU.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
Sylvite-halite-carnallite-polyhalite (Salado Formation, Upper Permian; … · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Eliminating a minor ammonia leak at the nitrogen fertilizer plant - pan… · Tseno Tanev (цено та… · CC BY-SA 3.0
Spodumene Nuristan Créer le cristal.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
Cobaltite (GeoDIL number - 1151).jpg · Darla Sondrol · CC0
Pyrrhotite with pentlandite (late Paleoproterozoic, 1.85 Ga; 800 Orebod… · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Minerals in the Indian Museum, Kolkata 05.jpg · Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0
Pyrolusite Mineral with Dendrite Macro Digon3.jpg · “Jonathan Zander ( Digon3 )" · CC BY-SA 3.0
Chalcopyrite botroïdale.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 3.0
Aluminum ingots at Norwegian Aluminium Company.jpg · Anders Beer Wilse · CC BY 4.0
Pisolitic bauxite (Alcoa Bauxite Mine, Arkansas, USA) 5.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Pinjarra Alumina Refinery, September 2020 01.jpg · Calistemon · CC BY-SA 4.0
Pumpjacks.JPG · Arne Hückelheim · CC BY-SA 3.0
Syncrude oil sands mine works, Mildred Lake, Alberta.jpg · Dicklyon · CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-05-20 02 LNG tanker, GULF ENERGY - IMO 7390143.jpg · Gordon Leggett · CC BY-SA 4.0
Coke ovens and coal tipple, Fayette County, Penn (68762).jpg · Pub. by Uniontown News Agency & Co., Uniontown,… · Public domain
DRAGLINE (USED IN STRIP MINING) AT THE NAVAJO COAL MINE IN NORTHERN ARI… · Lyntha Scott Eiler · Public domain
Petrolkoks IMG 6166.jpg · romanm ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 2.5 si
Industrial peat harvesting in a section of the Bog of Allen in County O… · Sarah777 · Public domain
Cement kiln in Gorazdze Cement plant.JPG · Jb957 · CC0
UFO-shaped constructions in the underground lake, Mina Terezia, Turda s… · DimiTalen · CC0
Trona - USGS Mineral Specimens 1116.jpg · Andrew Silver · Public domain
Fluorite crystals.jpg · Marek Novotňák · CC BY-SA 4.0
Barite - Cerro Warihuyn, Miraflores, Huamalies, Huanuco, Peru.jpg · Ivar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0
Borax crystals.jpg · Aram Dulyan ( User:Aramgutang ) · Public domain
ISS Magnet.jpg · Ordan, Julien Marius · CC BY 4.0
Craftsman hand-carving a traditional stone grinding wheel (chakki), Kha… · Suyash Dwivedi · CC BY-SA 4.0
Union Sulphur Co Reserve Sulphur Storage in Louisiana.jpg · Underwood and Underwood · Public domain
LimestoneKilnsTalybont.jpg · Martinvl · CC BY-SA 4.0
Kongensbro gravel pit 2014-09-17.jpg · Slaunger · CC BY-SA 3.0
Gypsum crystals 1802-0312a.jpg · Mozzihh · CC BY-SA 4.0
Diamond blade very macro.jpg · Hustvedt · CC BY-SA 3.0
Kaznějov kaolin quarry revitalisation.jpg · Jan Macura · CC BY-SA 4.0
Muscovite mica 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Talc-386099.jpg · John Krygier · Public domain
Expanded & popped perlite (Hollinger Quarry, Wilson Creek Range, Nevada… · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Diatomite (diatomaceous earth) Monterey Formation at a diatomite quarry… · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Vermiculite board fireproofing 001.png · Achim Hering · CC BY 3.0
Wrotham Quarry, Addinton 07.jpg · Simon Burchell · CC BY-SA 4.0
MagnesiteSaxe.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 4.0
Fragment of red pigment Ochre - Museo Egizio, Turin S 9927 p02.jpg · CC0
US Navy 090715-N-5821P-002 Aviation Support Equipment Technician Airman… · U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialis… · Public domain
Iodine crystals, 99.9% purity.jpg · Dnn87 · CC BY 3.0
Bromine-ampoule.jpg · Jurii · CC BY 3.0
Celestine from Madagascar in the Mineral Museum of Siófok.jpg · Szilas · Public domain
Feldspar Mineral Museum Display Exhibit.jpg · QueenCityCebu · CC BY-SA 4.0
Garnet - Spessartine crystal detail.jpg · ButtShark · CC0
Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 203540 photo (g232 g232-… · Tõnis Saadre · CC BY-SA 4.0
Kyanite 5.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Pumice stones.JPG · Mauro Cateb · CC BY-SA 3.0
Abandoned limestone quarry on Furilden Gotland 1.jpg · W.carter / Ann-Sophie Qvarnström · CC BY-SA 2.0
Red marble quarry Cava Buscada - Erto e Casso, Pordenone, Friuli-Venezi… · Mænsard vokser · CC BY-SA 4.0
Wollastonite madagascar.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 3.0
Chrysotile asbestos veins in serpentinized komatiite (Upper Komatiitic … · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Uranium ore and "yellowcake" uranium concentrate at the Greifswald Nucl… · Siarhei Besarab · CC BY-SA 4.0
Yellowing of thorium lenses.jpg · El Grafo · CC BY-SA 4.0
Deformed crystal of zircon.jpg · Liza Kovaleva · CC BY-SA 4.0
Hafnium (Element - 72) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Crystal surface of colorless Beryl, multicolor filter, size 5,8 x 3,9 mm.jpg · Sepelinmurskaaja · CC BY-SA 4.0
Elektrociepłownia PGE Toruń1.jpg · Mateuszgdynia · CC BY-SA 4.0
Native silver 1.jpg · Parent Géry · CC BY-SA 3.0
AZ Gold Nugget Quartz.jpg · Bryan Barnes · CC BY-SA 4.0
Wellgreen Platinum project in Yukon (22284209294).jpg · MINING.com · CC BY 2.0
Palladium (Element - 46) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Rhodium powder pressed melted.jpg · Alchemist-hp ( talk ) www.pse-mendelejew.de der… · CC BY-SA 3.0 de
Iridium (Element - 77) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Ru metal 1g.JPG · Leiem · CC BY-SA 4.0
Osmium star.jpg · Bilovitskiy · CC BY 4.0
Zultanite rough crystal and gemstones.jpg · Zultgems, LLC · CC0
Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine, Mountain Pass, California (15470415247).jpg · Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0
Neodymium oxide 170g.jpg · W. Oelen · CC BY-SA 3.0
Praseodymium (Element - 59) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Dysprosium (Element - 66) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Terbium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
Lanthanum (Element - 57) 3.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Cerium (Element - 58) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Samarium shards.jpg · brainandforce · CC0
Europium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
Gadolinium 2.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
Piece of Yttrium.jpg · Jan Anskeit · CC BY-SA 4.0
Scandium (Element - 21).jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Holmium shards.jpg · brainandforce · CC0
Erbium (Element - 68).jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Thulium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
Ytterbium (Element - 70) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
PET-schema.png · Jens Maus ( https://jens-maus.de/ ) · Public domain
Promethium (Element - 61) 1.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Wafer 20110212.jpg · Sangitiana Fararano · CC BY-SA 2.0
Plastic bottle containing gallium metal.JPG · Pixelmaniac pictures ( Leave a reply ) · CC0
Miniman M 703 germanium crystal radio made in Japan late 1950s.jpg · R. Henrik Nilsson · CC BY 4.0
Indium wetting glass.jpg · Schtone · Public domain
Tellurium crystals.jpg · Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements · CC BY 3.0
Native arsenic2.jpg · Miguel Calvo · CC BY 4.0
Geode-with-encrustation-of-quartz-crystals-on-a-base-of-limonite-01.jpg · CEphoto, Uwe Aranas · CC BY-SA 4.0
Neon tubes (32703).jpg · Rhododendrites · CC BY-SA 4.0
Spectre tubes à gaz.jpg · Alchemist-hp , derivative work by Poke2001 · CC BY-SA 2.0 de
Three xenon flashtubes and a krypton arc lamp.jpg · Zaereth ( talk ) · Public domain
Thallium prvek.jpg · Milda 444 · CC BY-SA 4.0
Hematite (iron ore) (weathered zone in the Biwabik Iron-Formation, Whit… · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Blast furnace at Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation mill in Etna, Penn… · Alfred T. Palmer · Public domain
Metal poles (surface is chromium-plated) - HDR.jpg · Laitche · CC BY-SA 4.0
Molybdenite quebec2.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY 3.0
World- Vanadium Production,*1946 - DPLA - 3e24602f809408ce766ef8a40e074… · Central Intelligence Agency · Public domain
Sphalerite - Creede, Mineral County, Colorado, USA.jpg · Ivar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0
Cassiterite (GeoDIL number - 37).jpg · Shannon Heinle · CC0
Galena - Huallanca, Bologesi, Ancash, Peru.jpg · Ivar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0
Dowmetal Magnesium- The Metal of Motion - DPLA - 6cfddacda671bc92edb70f… · Dow Chemical Company · Public domain
Cadmium (Element - 48) 3.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Selenium (Element - 34).jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Mercury, cinnabar and calomel (GeoDIL number - 919).jpg · Darla Sondrol · CC0
Scrap metal yard.jpg · Digitura · CC0
Stand re-initiation of shade-tolerant spruce and fir beneath a closed c… · NPS · Public domain
LOGGING TRUCK LOADED WITH CEDAR IN A CLEARCUT AREA OF THE QUINAULT INDI… · Gene Daniels · Public domain
Stacked wood planks (Unsplash).jpg · Alex Jones alexjones · CC0
Kirschholzbrett -- 2021 -- 7662.jpg · Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0
Particle board manufacturing process.jpg · Seedlesslime · CC BY-SA 4.0
Sandakan Sabah Plywood-Factory-35c.jpg · CEphoto, Uwe Aranas · CC BY-SA 3.0
Oriented strand board at Courtabœuf 2011.jpg · Lionel Allorge · CC BY-SA 3.0
Ascent Building Construction Photos (20210927-FS-ML-0102).jpg · Forest Service Photography · Public domain
Kehra pulp and paper mill in Estonia (November 2021).jpg · Sillerkiil · CC BY-SA 4.0
Holzpelletslager Schlieren der energie 360° AG (2021).jpg · JoachimKohler-HB · CC BY-SA 4.0
Firewood stacked up.jpg · Feci1024 · CC BY 3.0
Tower of blue wooden pallets at Safeway 1.jpg · Ser Amantio di Nicolao · CC0
Big Woods State Forest loblolly plantation.jpg · Antepenultimate · CC BY-SA 4.0
Pseudotsuga menziesii cut trunk.jpg · Crusier · CC BY-SA 3.0
Black spruce stand at Arctic Chalet, Inuvik, NT.jpg · Daniel Case · CC BY-SA 3.0
Old Growth Western Hemlock Forest.jpg · Treefender K · CC BY 4.0
Culturally Scarred Western Red Cedar Tree (45621625422).jpg · GlacierNPS · Public domain
Radiata pine forest in Auckland.jpg · Max Tweddell · CC BY-SA 4.0
2016.Basking.Ridge.Oak.jpg · Ekem · CC BY-SA 4.0
Old, multiple-trunked northern red oak (Quercus rubra), Tiadaghton Stat… · Nicholas A. Tonelli from Northeast Pennsylvania, USA · CC BY 2.0
Acer saccharum (sugar maple tree in fall colors) (Newark, Ohio, USA) (2… · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
Eastern Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) - Guelph, Ontario 2020-06-19.jpg · Ryan Hodnett · CC BY-SA 4.0
Liriodendron tulipifera double trunk NBG LR.jpg · PumpkinSky · CC BY-SA 4.0
Nilambur Teak Plantation 0384.jpg · Vengolis · CC BY-SA 4.0
CSIRO ScienceImage 714 Eucalyptus Globulus Plantation Australia.jpg · T.Grove, CSIRO · CC BY 3.0

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