सभी · 121
दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व · 18एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री · 10कृषि खनिज · 3बैटरी सामग्री · 5तांबा और विद्युत सामग्री · 4ऊर्जा कच्चे माल · 7औद्योगिक खनिज · 35परमाणु सामग्री · 5बहुमूल्य धातुएँ · 10अर्धचालक सामग्री · 11इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ · 13
क्रिटिकल मिनरल · 63सामरिक · 36केवल उपोत्पाद · 27ऊर्जा संक्रमण · 26निर्माण · 25रक्षा · 24चिप शृंखला · 17बड़े पैमाने पर पुनर्चक्रण योग्य · 8चुंबक शृंखला · 8खाद्य शृंखला · 6ग्रिड शृंखला · 2
121 दिखाई गई सामग्रियाँ। उत्पादन और भंडार USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 2025 अनुमान, प्रत्येक वस्तु के लिए स्रोत की परिभाषा के अनुसार अंतर्निहित धातु या सकल भार · स्रोत ↗
शेष कॉलम देखने के लिए तालिका को बगल में स्क्रॉल करें।
| सामग्री | शेल्फ | विश्व उत्पादन 2025 | विश्व भंडार | अग्रणी उत्पादक | अमेरिका द्वारा आयातित | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alumina क्रिटिकल A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium… | तांबा और विद्युत सामग्री | 150,000thousand metric dry tons · Alumina, refinery production | — | — | 71% | |
| Aluminium क्रिटिकल A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite —… | तांबा और विद्युत सामग्री | 74,000thousand metric tons · Smelter production | — | — | 60% | Al |
| Antimony क्रिटिकल A brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | 110,000metric tons · Mine production | 2,000,000 | China — 36% of world production | — | Sb |
| Argon Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from… | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Ar |
| Arsenic क्रिटिकल Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | 61,000metric tons · Production (arsenic trioxide, gross weight) | — | Peru — 49% of world production | 100% | As |
| Asbestos A group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 960,000metric tons · Mine production | 150,000,000 | — | 100% | |
| Barite क्रिटिकल A very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 8,700thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | India — 34% of world production | 75% | |
| Bauxite क्रिटिकल A reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and… | तांबा और विद्युत सामग्री | 440,000thousand metric dry tons · Bauxite, mine production | 29,000,000 | — | 75% | |
| Beryllium क्रिटिकल A very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust. | परमाणु सामग्री | 430.0metric tons · Mine production | — | United States — 53% of world production | — | Be |
| Bismuth क्रिटिकल A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | 16,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 88% of world production | 92% | Bi |
| Boron क्रिटिकल An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and… | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | Turkey — W% of world production | — | B |
| Bromine The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water. | औद्योगिक खनिज | 430,000metric tons · Production | — | — | 25% | Br |
| Cadmium A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 23,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | — | 25% | Cd |
| Caesium क्रिटिकल The softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second. | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | 100% | Cs |
| Cement Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 3,800,000thousand metric tons · Cement production | — | — | 21% | |
| Cerium क्रिटिकल The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Ce |
| Chromium क्रिटिकल The element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 51,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 540,000 | South Africa — 45% of world production | 79% | Cr |
| Clays Soft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Bentonite, rounded | — | — | — | |
| Cobalt क्रिटिकल A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that… | बैटरी सामग्री | 310,000metric tons · Mine production | 12,000,000 | Congo (Kinshasa) — 74% of world production | 79% | Co |
| Construction Sand & Gravel The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining. | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Copper क्रिटिकल The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans… | तांबा और विद्युत सामग्री | 23,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 980,000 | Chile — 23% of world production | — | Cu |
| Crude Oil Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries… | ऊर्जा कच्चे माल | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Crushed Stone Rock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest… | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Diamond (Industrial) Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 38.00million carats · Mine production | 1,700 | — | — | |
| Diatomite Rock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 2,500thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Dimension Stone Rock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold… | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | 85% | |
| Dysprosium क्रिटिकल A heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot. | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Dy |
| Erbium क्रिटिकल The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Er |
| Europium क्रिटिकल The rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Eu |
| Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite The most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 31,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 95% | |
| Fluorspar क्रिटिकल Calcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from —… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 10,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 330,000 | China — 60% of world production | 100% | |
| Gadolinium क्रिटिकल A rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Gd |
| Gallium क्रिटिकल A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | 900,000kilograms · Primary production | — | China — 100% of world production | 100% | Ga |
| Garnet (Industrial) A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 730,000metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 71% | |
| Gemstones Minerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | 69,000 thousands of carats · Mine production | 2,000,000 | — | 99% | |
| Germanium क्रिटिकल The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | China — NA% of world production | 50% | Ge |
| Gold The metal that does not tarnish, does not corrode and never runs out once mined — which is why… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | 3,300metric tons · Mine production | 66,000 | — | — | Au |
| Graphite क्रिटिकल Pure carbon in soft, slippery sheets — the same stuff as pencil lead — and the material that… | बैटरी सामग्री | 1,800,000metric tons · Mine production | 310,000,000 | China — 78% of world production | 100% | C |
| Gypsum A soft white rock that becomes plasterboard — the interior surface of most buildings in the… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 160,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Hafnium क्रिटिकल Zirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and… | परमाणु सामग्री | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Hf |
| Helium The only element cold enough to keep an MRI magnet superconducting, and the only one light… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 190.0million cubic meters · Helium Production | — | — | — | He |
| High-Purity Quartz Quartz sand so free of other elements that it can be melted into the crucible a silicon crystal… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Holmium क्रिटिकल The rare earth with the strongest magnetic moment of any element, used in the pole pieces of… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Ho |
| Indium क्रिटिकल A soft metal whose oxide is both transparent and electrically conductive — the invisible wiring… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | 1,100metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 69% of world production | 100% | In |
| Industrial Sand & Gravel Sand selected for what it is made of rather than what size it is — nearly pure quartz, for… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 430,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Iodine A purple-black element that turns straight from solid to vapour, extracted from ancient nitrate… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 34,000metric tons · Mine production | 6,300,000 | — | 50% | I |
| Iridium क्रिटिकल The most corrosion-resistant metal known, and the second densest — a litre of it weighs about… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Ir |
| Iron & Steel Iron with a little carbon in it, and the most-produced manufactured material on the planet. | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 360.0million metric tons · world iron slag production was estimated to be between 330 million and 390 million tons, | — | — | — | |
| Iron & Steel Scrap Old steel collected to be melted into new steel — the largest recycling stream on the planet by… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Iron Ore Rust-coloured rock that is roughly one-third to two-thirds iron, and the single largest tonnage… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 2,600,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Usable ore, rounded | 87,000 | — | — | Fe |
| Iron Oxide Pigments Rust, refined — the reds, yellows, browns and blacks that have coloured paint and pottery since… | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Krypton A rare noble gas, about one part per million of the air, separated only where enough air is… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | 110.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 93% | Kr |
| Kyanite & Related Minerals Blue-bladed crystals that expand rather than shrink when fired, which makes them the backbone… | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Lanthanum क्रिटिकल The first of the rare earths, used by the tonne in the catalysts that crack crude oil into… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | La |
| Lead क्रिटिकल A soft, dense, blue-grey metal that blocks radiation and stores charge cheaply — and that is… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 4,500thousand metric tons · Mine production | 95,000 | China — 42% of world production | — | Pb |
| Lime Limestone burned until it becomes quicklime — a chemical used to purify steel, treat water and… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 420,000thousand metric tons · Production | — | — | — | |
| Lithium क्रिटिकल A soft, silvery metal so light it floats on water, and the element that lets a rechargeable… | बैटरी सामग्री | 290,000metric tons · Mine production | 37,000,000 | Australia — 32% of world production | 50% | Li |
| Lutetium क्रिटिकल The last and densest rare earth, used in the crystals that detect gamma rays inside a PET… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Lu |
| Magnesium Compounds Magnesia and its relatives, made from magnesite rock or extracted from seawater, which survive… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 21,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 7,800,000 | — | 59% | |
| Magnesium Metal क्रिटिकल The lightest structural metal, about a third lighter than aluminium, and the ingredient that… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 1,100thousand metric tons · Smelter production | — | — | 75% | Mg |
| Manganese क्रिटिकल A brittle grey metal that steel cannot be made without, and that is now being used to stretch… | बैटरी सामग्री | 20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 1,700,000 | South Africa — 37% of world production | 100% | Mn |
| Mercury The only metal that is liquid at room temperature, and one of the most tightly regulated… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 210.0metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | Hg |
| Metallurgical Coal Coal of the specific quality that, when baked without air, turns into coke — the hard carbon… | ऊर्जा कच्चे माल | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Mica A mineral that splits into sheets so thin you can see through them, and that resists both heat… | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Molybdenum A silvery metal added to steel so it keeps its strength at high temperature and under pressure. | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 260,000metric tons · Mine production | 17,000 | — | — | Mo |
| Natural Gas Mostly methane, the lightest hydrocarbon, and the source of nearly all the hydrogen used by… | ऊर्जा कच्चे माल | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Neodymium क्रिटिकल The rare earth at the heart of the strongest magnet ever made — the kind in headphones, hard… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Nd |
| Neon A noble gas so unreactive it forms no compounds at all, separated out of ordinary air in tiny… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | 800.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 52% | Ne |
| Nickel क्रिटिकल A silvery metal that resists rust, which is why it goes into stainless steel — and, more… | बैटरी सामग्री | 3,900,000metric tons · Mine production | 140,000,000 | Indonesia — 67% of world production | 41% | Ni |
| Niobium क्रिटिकल A metal that makes steel much stronger when added in tiny amounts — a few hundred grams per… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | 112,000metric tons · Mine production | 21,000,000 | — | 100% | Nb |
| Nitrogen (Ammonia) Nitrogen pulled out of the air and joined to hydrogen under pressure — the invention that… | कृषि खनिज | 160,000thousand metric tons · Plant production | — | — | — | N |
| Oil Sands & Bitumen Sand soaked in oil so thick it will not flow — it has to be mined like ore or heated… | ऊर्जा कच्चे माल | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Osmium The densest naturally occurring element, and one of the least used — most of it sits unrefined… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Os |
| Palladium क्रिटिकल Platinum's cheaper cousin for most of the twentieth century, then briefly more expensive than… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | 190,000kilograms · Mine production: Palladium, rounded | — | Russia — 44% of world production | 57% | Pd |
| Peat Half-rotted plant matter from waterlogged bogs — the first stage on the road from a swamp to a… | ऊर्जा कच्चे माल | 17,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 13,000,000 | — | 80% | |
| Perlite A volcanic glass with water trapped inside it that pops like popcorn when heated, expanding to… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 4,600thousand metric tons · Production | — | — | 23% | |
| Petroleum Coke The solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium… | ऊर्जा कच्चे माल | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Phosphate Rock क्रिटिकल Rock full of the element phosphorus — the P in fertiliser, and now the P in the LFP batteries… | कृषि खनिज | 250,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 73,000,000 | China — 44% of world production | — | P |
| Platinum क्रिटिकल A dense, unreactive metal that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed by them. | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | 170,000kilograms · Mine production: Platinum, rounded | — | South Africa — 71% of world production | 89% | Pt |
| Platinum-Group Metals क्रिटिकल Six metals — platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium — that occur together… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | प्रकाशित नहीं | 76,000,000 | — | — | |
| Potash क्रिटिकल Potassium salts mined from ancient dried-up seas — the K in NPK fertiliser, which plants need… | कृषि खनिज | 49,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 10,000,000 | Canada — 31% of world production | 92% | K |
| Praseodymium क्रिटिकल Neodymium's near-twin, so alike that magnet makers usually do not bother separating the two and… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Pr |
| Promethium The one rare earth with no stable form at all — every atom of it is radioactive and decays… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Pm |
| Pumice & Pumicite Volcanic froth — rock so full of gas bubbles that it floats — quarried for lightweight concrete… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Rare Earths (all) क्रिटिकल A family of seventeen metals that are not actually rare in the ground, but are hard to separate… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | 390,000metric tons · Mine production | 85,000,000 | — | — | |
| Rhenium क्रिटिकल One of the rarest metals in the crust, recovered from molybdenum roasting, and the ingredient… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | 81,000kilograms · Mine production | — | Chile — 37% of world production | 75% | Re |
| Rhodium क्रिटिकल The rarest of the metals traded in any volume, produced in tens of tonnes a year, and the only… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Rh |
| Rubidium क्रिटिकल Caesium's cheaper neighbour, recovered from the same rare deposits, and the basis of the atomic… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | 100% | Rb |
| Ruthenium क्रिटिकल A hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Ru |
| Salt Sodium chloride — the seasoning on a table, and the feedstock for the chlorine and caustic soda… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 270,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 31% | |
| Samarium क्रिटिकल The rare earth in the magnet that works where neodymium cannot: very hot, or very cold, or in a… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Sm |
| Scandium क्रिटिकल A light metal that makes aluminium dramatically stronger and weldable — and which is produced… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | 80.00metric tons · global production | — | China — NA% of world production | 100% | Sc |
| Selenium An element recovered from copper refinery slimes, used in glass, in animal feed and in… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 3,800metric tons · Refinery production | — | — | 50% | Se |
| Silicon क्रिटिकल The second-most-common element in the Earth's crust — ordinary sand — purified until only one… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | 5,000thousand metric tons · Ferrosilicon | — | China — 87% of world production | — | Si |
| Silicon Carbide & Abrasives Man-made grit — silicon carbide and fused alumina — harder than almost every natural mineral… | औद्योगिक खनिज | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Silver क्रिटिकल The best electrical conductor there is, and the metal that has been used as money for longer… | बहुमूल्य धातुएँ | 26,000metric tons · Mine production | 610,000 | Mexico — 24% of world production | 77% | Ag |
| Soda Ash Sodium carbonate, mined from trona rock or made from salt, and the second ingredient in almost… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 19,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: natural, rounded | 25,000,000 | — | — | |
| Strontium A soft metal whose salts burn bright red, which is why every red firework contains it. | औद्योगिक खनिज | 450,000metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 100% | Sr |
| Sulfur A yellow element stripped out of oil and gas to stop it polluting, then turned into sulfuric… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 84,000thousand metric tons · Production, all forms | — | — | — | S |
| Talc & Pyrophyllite The softest mineral there is — a fingernail scratches it — used as a filler that makes plastics… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 6,900thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Tantalum क्रिटिकल A dense metal whose oxide layer stores charge extremely reliably, which is why it is in the… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | 2,500metric tons · Mine production | — | Congo (Kinshasa) — 52% of world production | 100% | Ta |
| Tellurium क्रिटिकल A brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | 1,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 80% of world production | 25% | Te |
| Terbium क्रिटिकल The scarcest of the four magnet rare earths, used in tiny quantities to make a magnet survive… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Tb |
| Thallium A soft, extremely toxic metal recovered in tiny amounts from smelter dusts. | अर्धचालक सामग्री | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Tl |
| Thermal Coal Coal burned to make steam and therefore electricity — still, despite everything, one of the… | ऊर्जा कच्चे माल | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | |
| Thorium A weakly radioactive metal three to four times more common than uranium, which can be bred into… | परमाणु सामग्री | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Th |
| Thulium क्रिटिकल The least abundant stable rare earth, used in portable X-ray sources and in surgical lasers. | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Tm |
| Tin क्रिटिकल A soft metal with a low melting point, which is why nearly every electrical joint in every… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 290,000metric tons · Mine production | 6,000,000 | China — 24% of world production | — | Sn |
| Titanium क्रिटिकल A metal as strong as steel at about half the weight, which does not corrode in seawater or in… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | 370,000metric tons · Titanium sponge metal production | — | — | — | Ti |
| Titanium Mineral Concentrates क्रिटिकल Black beach sand — ilmenite and rutile — that is the starting point both for titanium metal and… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | 9,400thousand metric tons · Mine production: ilmenite, rounded | 490,000 | — | 88% | |
| Tungsten क्रिटिकल The metal with the highest melting point of them all — you can heat it to 3,400 C before it… | एयरोस्पेस और रक्षा सामग्री | 85,000metric tons · Mine production | 4,700,000 | China — 79% of world production | 50% | W |
| Uranium A heavy, faintly radioactive metal whose nucleus can be split, releasing about two million… | परमाणु सामग्री | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | U |
| Vanadium क्रिटिकल A metal that makes rebar dramatically stronger in tiny doses, and that can also store… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 110,000metric tons · Mine production | 21,000 | China — 75% of world production | 41% | V |
| Vermiculite A mica-like mineral that unfolds into a concertina when heated, becoming light, fireproof and… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 460.0thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 25% | |
| Wollastonite A needle-shaped white mineral used as a safe replacement for asbestos fibre in brakes, boards… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 860,000metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Xenon The rarest stable gas in the atmosphere — under one part in ten million — and the heaviest… | अर्धचालक सामग्री | 12.00million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 98% | Xe |
| Ytterbium क्रिटिकल A rare earth used in the fibre lasers that cut steel in factories, and in some of the most… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | प्रकाशित नहीं | — | — | — | Yb |
| Yttrium क्रिटिकल Counted as a rare earth even though it sits elsewhere on the periodic table, because it behaves… | दुर्लभ मृदा तत्व | 12,500metric tons · mine production of Y2O3 equivalent contained in rare-earth mineral concentrates | — | China — NA% of world production | 100% | Y |
| Zeolites (Natural) Minerals full of molecule-sized cages that trap specific ions and gases and let everything else… | औद्योगिक खनिज | 1,300,000metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Zinc क्रिटिकल The metal that steel is dipped in so it does not rust — a sacrificial coating that corrodes… | इस्पात और मिश्र धातु धातुएँ | 13,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 240,000 | China — 32% of world production | — | Zn |
| Zirconium क्रिटिकल A metal that barely absorbs neutrons, which is why nuclear fuel rods are wrapped in it, and… | परमाणु सामग्री | 1,200thousand metric tons · Zirconium mineral concentrates, mine production (thousand metric tons, gross weight) | 70,000 | — | — | Zr |
चित्र द्वारा ब्राउज़ करें
Alumina
A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium metal.
Aluminium
A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite — which is why people call…
Antimony
A brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer rounds of ammunition.
Argon
Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from hot metal.
Arsenic
Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind high-frequency radio…
Asbestos
A group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung disease decades after…
Barite
A very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow out.
Bauxite
A reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and the only ore aluminium…
Beryllium
A very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust.
Bismuth
A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders, plumbing brass and stomach…
Boron
An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and neodymium — the strongest…
Bromine
The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water.
Cadmium
A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels rather than in the batteries…
Caesium
The softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second.
Cement
Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue that holds concrete…
Cerium
The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a polishing powder and in…
Chromium
The element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel grows an invisible film that…
Clays
Soft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which is why it can be shaped…
Cobalt
A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that holds its strength when…
Construction Sand & Gravel
The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.
Copper
The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans have been smelting for…
Crude Oil
Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries more energy per litre than…
Crushed Stone
Rock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest tonnage humans move.
Diamond (Industrial)
Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug out of the ground.
Diatomite
Rock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on water.
Dimension Stone
Rock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold for what it looks like.
Dysprosium
A heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot.
Erbium
The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back into electricity.
Europium
The rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in every colour television.
Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite
The most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt at a workable…
Fluorspar
Calcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from — including the fluorine in…
Gadolinium
A rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier to read.
Gallium
A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast chargers, radar and LEDs.
Garnet (Industrial)
A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in waterjet cutting and…
Gemstones
Minerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity rather than on tonnage.
Germanium
The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and fibre-optic glass.