Tümü · 121
Nadir Toprak Elementleri · 18Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri · 10Tarım Mineralleri · 3Pil Malzemeleri · 5Bakır & Elektrik Malzemeleri · 4Enerji Ham Maddeleri · 7Endüstriyel Mineraller · 35Nükleer Malzemeler · 5Kıymetli Metaller · 10Yarıiletken Malzemeler · 11Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri · 13
Kritik Mineral · 63Stratejik · 36Yalnızca Yan Ürün · 27Enerji Dönüşümü · 26İnşaat · 25Savunma · 24Çip Zinciri · 17Ölçekte Geri Dönüştürülebilir · 8Mıknatıs Zinciri · 8Gıda Zinciri · 6Şebeke Zinciri · 2
121 gösterilen materyaller. Üretim ve rezervler USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 2025 tahminleri; her emtia için kaynağın tanımladığı biçimde tenörlü metal veya brüt ağırlık · kaynak ↗
Kalan sütunlar için tabloyu yatay kaydırın.
| Materyal | Raf | 2025 dünya üretimi | Dünya rezervleri | Önde gelen üretici | ABD ithal etti | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alumina kritik A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium… | Bakır & Elektrik Malzemeleri | 150,000thousand metric dry tons · Alumina, refinery production | — | — | 71% | |
| Aluminium kritik A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite —… | Bakır & Elektrik Malzemeleri | 74,000thousand metric tons · Smelter production | — | — | 60% | Al |
| Antimony kritik A brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | 110,000metric tons · Mine production | 2,000,000 | China — 36% of world production | — | Sb |
| Argon Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Ar |
| Arsenic kritik Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | 61,000metric tons · Production (arsenic trioxide, gross weight) | — | Peru — 49% of world production | 100% | As |
| Asbestos A group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 960,000metric tons · Mine production | 150,000,000 | — | 100% | |
| Barite kritik A very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 8,700thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | India — 34% of world production | 75% | |
| Bauxite kritik A reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and… | Bakır & Elektrik Malzemeleri | 440,000thousand metric dry tons · Bauxite, mine production | 29,000,000 | — | 75% | |
| Beryllium kritik A very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust. | Nükleer Malzemeler | 430.0metric tons · Mine production | — | United States — 53% of world production | — | Be |
| Bismuth kritik A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | 16,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 88% of world production | 92% | Bi |
| Boron kritik An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | Turkey — W% of world production | — | B |
| Bromine The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water. | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 430,000metric tons · Production | — | — | 25% | Br |
| Cadmium A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 23,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | — | 25% | Cd |
| Caesium kritik The softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second. | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | 100% | Cs |
| Cement Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 3,800,000thousand metric tons · Cement production | — | — | 21% | |
| Cerium kritik The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Ce |
| Chromium kritik The element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 51,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 540,000 | South Africa — 45% of world production | 79% | Cr |
| Clays Soft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Bentonite, rounded | — | — | — | |
| Cobalt kritik A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that… | Pil Malzemeleri | 310,000metric tons · Mine production | 12,000,000 | Congo (Kinshasa) — 74% of world production | 79% | Co |
| Construction Sand & Gravel The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining. | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Copper kritik The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans… | Bakır & Elektrik Malzemeleri | 23,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 980,000 | Chile — 23% of world production | — | Cu |
| Crude Oil Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries… | Enerji Ham Maddeleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Crushed Stone Rock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Diamond (Industrial) Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 38.00million carats · Mine production | 1,700 | — | — | |
| Diatomite Rock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 2,500thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Dimension Stone Rock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | 85% | |
| Dysprosium kritik A heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot. | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Dy |
| Erbium kritik The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Er |
| Europium kritik The rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Eu |
| Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite The most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 31,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 95% | |
| Fluorspar kritik Calcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from —… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 10,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 330,000 | China — 60% of world production | 100% | |
| Gadolinium kritik A rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Gd |
| Gallium kritik A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | 900,000kilograms · Primary production | — | China — 100% of world production | 100% | Ga |
| Garnet (Industrial) A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 730,000metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 71% | |
| Gemstones Minerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity… | Kıymetli Metaller | 69,000 thousands of carats · Mine production | 2,000,000 | — | 99% | |
| Germanium kritik The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | yayımlanmamış | — | China — NA% of world production | 50% | Ge |
| Gold The metal that does not tarnish, does not corrode and never runs out once mined — which is why… | Kıymetli Metaller | 3,300metric tons · Mine production | 66,000 | — | — | Au |
| Graphite kritik Pure carbon in soft, slippery sheets — the same stuff as pencil lead — and the material that… | Pil Malzemeleri | 1,800,000metric tons · Mine production | 310,000,000 | China — 78% of world production | 100% | C |
| Gypsum A soft white rock that becomes plasterboard — the interior surface of most buildings in the… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 160,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Hafnium kritik Zirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and… | Nükleer Malzemeler | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Hf |
| Helium The only element cold enough to keep an MRI magnet superconducting, and the only one light… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 190.0million cubic meters · Helium Production | — | — | — | He |
| High-Purity Quartz Quartz sand so free of other elements that it can be melted into the crucible a silicon crystal… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Holmium kritik The rare earth with the strongest magnetic moment of any element, used in the pole pieces of… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Ho |
| Indium kritik A soft metal whose oxide is both transparent and electrically conductive — the invisible wiring… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | 1,100metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 69% of world production | 100% | In |
| Industrial Sand & Gravel Sand selected for what it is made of rather than what size it is — nearly pure quartz, for… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 430,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Iodine A purple-black element that turns straight from solid to vapour, extracted from ancient nitrate… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 34,000metric tons · Mine production | 6,300,000 | — | 50% | I |
| Iridium kritik The most corrosion-resistant metal known, and the second densest — a litre of it weighs about… | Kıymetli Metaller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Ir |
| Iron & Steel Iron with a little carbon in it, and the most-produced manufactured material on the planet. | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 360.0million metric tons · world iron slag production was estimated to be between 330 million and 390 million tons, | — | — | — | |
| Iron & Steel Scrap Old steel collected to be melted into new steel — the largest recycling stream on the planet by… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Iron Ore Rust-coloured rock that is roughly one-third to two-thirds iron, and the single largest tonnage… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 2,600,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Usable ore, rounded | 87,000 | — | — | Fe |
| Iron Oxide Pigments Rust, refined — the reds, yellows, browns and blacks that have coloured paint and pottery since… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Krypton A rare noble gas, about one part per million of the air, separated only where enough air is… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | 110.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 93% | Kr |
| Kyanite & Related Minerals Blue-bladed crystals that expand rather than shrink when fired, which makes them the backbone… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Lanthanum kritik The first of the rare earths, used by the tonne in the catalysts that crack crude oil into… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | La |
| Lead kritik A soft, dense, blue-grey metal that blocks radiation and stores charge cheaply — and that is… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 4,500thousand metric tons · Mine production | 95,000 | China — 42% of world production | — | Pb |
| Lime Limestone burned until it becomes quicklime — a chemical used to purify steel, treat water and… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 420,000thousand metric tons · Production | — | — | — | |
| Lithium kritik A soft, silvery metal so light it floats on water, and the element that lets a rechargeable… | Pil Malzemeleri | 290,000metric tons · Mine production | 37,000,000 | Australia — 32% of world production | 50% | Li |
| Lutetium kritik The last and densest rare earth, used in the crystals that detect gamma rays inside a PET… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Lu |
| Magnesium Compounds Magnesia and its relatives, made from magnesite rock or extracted from seawater, which survive… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 21,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 7,800,000 | — | 59% | |
| Magnesium Metal kritik The lightest structural metal, about a third lighter than aluminium, and the ingredient that… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 1,100thousand metric tons · Smelter production | — | — | 75% | Mg |
| Manganese kritik A brittle grey metal that steel cannot be made without, and that is now being used to stretch… | Pil Malzemeleri | 20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 1,700,000 | South Africa — 37% of world production | 100% | Mn |
| Mercury The only metal that is liquid at room temperature, and one of the most tightly regulated… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 210.0metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | Hg |
| Metallurgical Coal Coal of the specific quality that, when baked without air, turns into coke — the hard carbon… | Enerji Ham Maddeleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Mica A mineral that splits into sheets so thin you can see through them, and that resists both heat… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Molybdenum A silvery metal added to steel so it keeps its strength at high temperature and under pressure. | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 260,000metric tons · Mine production | 17,000 | — | — | Mo |
| Natural Gas Mostly methane, the lightest hydrocarbon, and the source of nearly all the hydrogen used by… | Enerji Ham Maddeleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Neodymium kritik The rare earth at the heart of the strongest magnet ever made — the kind in headphones, hard… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Nd |
| Neon A noble gas so unreactive it forms no compounds at all, separated out of ordinary air in tiny… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | 800.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 52% | Ne |
| Nickel kritik A silvery metal that resists rust, which is why it goes into stainless steel — and, more… | Pil Malzemeleri | 3,900,000metric tons · Mine production | 140,000,000 | Indonesia — 67% of world production | 41% | Ni |
| Niobium kritik A metal that makes steel much stronger when added in tiny amounts — a few hundred grams per… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | 112,000metric tons · Mine production | 21,000,000 | — | 100% | Nb |
| Nitrogen (Ammonia) Nitrogen pulled out of the air and joined to hydrogen under pressure — the invention that… | Tarım Mineralleri | 160,000thousand metric tons · Plant production | — | — | — | N |
| Oil Sands & Bitumen Sand soaked in oil so thick it will not flow — it has to be mined like ore or heated… | Enerji Ham Maddeleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Osmium The densest naturally occurring element, and one of the least used — most of it sits unrefined… | Kıymetli Metaller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Os |
| Palladium kritik Platinum's cheaper cousin for most of the twentieth century, then briefly more expensive than… | Kıymetli Metaller | 190,000kilograms · Mine production: Palladium, rounded | — | Russia — 44% of world production | 57% | Pd |
| Peat Half-rotted plant matter from waterlogged bogs — the first stage on the road from a swamp to a… | Enerji Ham Maddeleri | 17,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 13,000,000 | — | 80% | |
| Perlite A volcanic glass with water trapped inside it that pops like popcorn when heated, expanding to… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 4,600thousand metric tons · Production | — | — | 23% | |
| Petroleum Coke The solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium… | Enerji Ham Maddeleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Phosphate Rock kritik Rock full of the element phosphorus — the P in fertiliser, and now the P in the LFP batteries… | Tarım Mineralleri | 250,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 73,000,000 | China — 44% of world production | — | P |
| Platinum kritik A dense, unreactive metal that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed by them. | Kıymetli Metaller | 170,000kilograms · Mine production: Platinum, rounded | — | South Africa — 71% of world production | 89% | Pt |
| Platinum-Group Metals kritik Six metals — platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium — that occur together… | Kıymetli Metaller | yayımlanmamış | 76,000,000 | — | — | |
| Potash kritik Potassium salts mined from ancient dried-up seas — the K in NPK fertiliser, which plants need… | Tarım Mineralleri | 49,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 10,000,000 | Canada — 31% of world production | 92% | K |
| Praseodymium kritik Neodymium's near-twin, so alike that magnet makers usually do not bother separating the two and… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Pr |
| Promethium The one rare earth with no stable form at all — every atom of it is radioactive and decays… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Pm |
| Pumice & Pumicite Volcanic froth — rock so full of gas bubbles that it floats — quarried for lightweight concrete… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Rare Earths (all) kritik A family of seventeen metals that are not actually rare in the ground, but are hard to separate… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | 390,000metric tons · Mine production | 85,000,000 | — | — | |
| Rhenium kritik One of the rarest metals in the crust, recovered from molybdenum roasting, and the ingredient… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | 81,000kilograms · Mine production | — | Chile — 37% of world production | 75% | Re |
| Rhodium kritik The rarest of the metals traded in any volume, produced in tens of tonnes a year, and the only… | Kıymetli Metaller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Rh |
| Rubidium kritik Caesium's cheaper neighbour, recovered from the same rare deposits, and the basis of the atomic… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | 100% | Rb |
| Ruthenium kritik A hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip… | Kıymetli Metaller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Ru |
| Salt Sodium chloride — the seasoning on a table, and the feedstock for the chlorine and caustic soda… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 270,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 31% | |
| Samarium kritik The rare earth in the magnet that works where neodymium cannot: very hot, or very cold, or in a… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Sm |
| Scandium kritik A light metal that makes aluminium dramatically stronger and weldable — and which is produced… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | 80.00metric tons · global production | — | China — NA% of world production | 100% | Sc |
| Selenium An element recovered from copper refinery slimes, used in glass, in animal feed and in… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 3,800metric tons · Refinery production | — | — | 50% | Se |
| Silicon kritik The second-most-common element in the Earth's crust — ordinary sand — purified until only one… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | 5,000thousand metric tons · Ferrosilicon | — | China — 87% of world production | — | Si |
| Silicon Carbide & Abrasives Man-made grit — silicon carbide and fused alumina — harder than almost every natural mineral… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Silver kritik The best electrical conductor there is, and the metal that has been used as money for longer… | Kıymetli Metaller | 26,000metric tons · Mine production | 610,000 | Mexico — 24% of world production | 77% | Ag |
| Soda Ash Sodium carbonate, mined from trona rock or made from salt, and the second ingredient in almost… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 19,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: natural, rounded | 25,000,000 | — | — | |
| Strontium A soft metal whose salts burn bright red, which is why every red firework contains it. | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 450,000metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 100% | Sr |
| Sulfur A yellow element stripped out of oil and gas to stop it polluting, then turned into sulfuric… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 84,000thousand metric tons · Production, all forms | — | — | — | S |
| Talc & Pyrophyllite The softest mineral there is — a fingernail scratches it — used as a filler that makes plastics… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 6,900thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Tantalum kritik A dense metal whose oxide layer stores charge extremely reliably, which is why it is in the… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | 2,500metric tons · Mine production | — | Congo (Kinshasa) — 52% of world production | 100% | Ta |
| Tellurium kritik A brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | 1,000metric tons · Refinery production | — | China — 80% of world production | 25% | Te |
| Terbium kritik The scarcest of the four magnet rare earths, used in tiny quantities to make a magnet survive… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Tb |
| Thallium A soft, extremely toxic metal recovered in tiny amounts from smelter dusts. | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Tl |
| Thermal Coal Coal burned to make steam and therefore electricity — still, despite everything, one of the… | Enerji Ham Maddeleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | |
| Thorium A weakly radioactive metal three to four times more common than uranium, which can be bred into… | Nükleer Malzemeler | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Th |
| Thulium kritik The least abundant stable rare earth, used in portable X-ray sources and in surgical lasers. | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Tm |
| Tin kritik A soft metal with a low melting point, which is why nearly every electrical joint in every… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 290,000metric tons · Mine production | 6,000,000 | China — 24% of world production | — | Sn |
| Titanium kritik A metal as strong as steel at about half the weight, which does not corrode in seawater or in… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | 370,000metric tons · Titanium sponge metal production | — | — | — | Ti |
| Titanium Mineral Concentrates kritik Black beach sand — ilmenite and rutile — that is the starting point both for titanium metal and… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | 9,400thousand metric tons · Mine production: ilmenite, rounded | 490,000 | — | 88% | |
| Tungsten kritik The metal with the highest melting point of them all — you can heat it to 3,400 C before it… | Havacılık & Savunma Malzemeleri | 85,000metric tons · Mine production | 4,700,000 | China — 79% of world production | 50% | W |
| Uranium A heavy, faintly radioactive metal whose nucleus can be split, releasing about two million… | Nükleer Malzemeler | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | U |
| Vanadium kritik A metal that makes rebar dramatically stronger in tiny doses, and that can also store… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 110,000metric tons · Mine production | 21,000 | China — 75% of world production | 41% | V |
| Vermiculite A mica-like mineral that unfolds into a concertina when heated, becoming light, fireproof and… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 460.0thousand metric tons · Mine production | — | — | 25% | |
| Wollastonite A needle-shaped white mineral used as a safe replacement for asbestos fibre in brakes, boards… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 860,000metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Xenon The rarest stable gas in the atmosphere — under one part in ten million — and the heaviest… | Yarıiletken Malzemeler | 12.00million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters) | — | — | 98% | Xe |
| Ytterbium kritik A rare earth used in the fibre lasers that cut steel in factories, and in some of the most… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | yayımlanmamış | — | — | — | Yb |
| Yttrium kritik Counted as a rare earth even though it sits elsewhere on the periodic table, because it behaves… | Nadir Toprak Elementleri | 12,500metric tons · mine production of Y2O3 equivalent contained in rare-earth mineral concentrates | — | China — NA% of world production | 100% | Y |
| Zeolites (Natural) Minerals full of molecule-sized cages that trap specific ions and gases and let everything else… | Endüstriyel Mineraller | 1,300,000metric tons · Mine production | — | — | — | |
| Zinc kritik The metal that steel is dipped in so it does not rust — a sacrificial coating that corrodes… | Çelik ve Alaşım Metalleri | 13,000thousand metric tons · Mine production | 240,000 | China — 32% of world production | — | Zn |
| Zirconium kritik A metal that barely absorbs neutrons, which is why nuclear fuel rods are wrapped in it, and… | Nükleer Malzemeler | 1,200thousand metric tons · Zirconium mineral concentrates, mine production (thousand metric tons, gross weight) | 70,000 | — | — | Zr |
Resme göre gözat
Alumina
A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium metal.
Aluminium
A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite — which is why people call…
Antimony
A brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer rounds of ammunition.
Argon
Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from hot metal.
Arsenic
Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind high-frequency radio…
Asbestos
A group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung disease decades after…
Barite
A very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow out.
Bauxite
A reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and the only ore aluminium…
Beryllium
A very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust.
Bismuth
A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders, plumbing brass and stomach…
Boron
An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and neodymium — the strongest…
Bromine
The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water.
Cadmium
A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels rather than in the batteries…
Caesium
The softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second.
Cement
Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue that holds concrete…
Cerium
The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a polishing powder and in…
Chromium
The element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel grows an invisible film that…
Clays
Soft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which is why it can be shaped…
Cobalt
A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that holds its strength when…
Construction Sand & Gravel
The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.
Copper
The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans have been smelting for…
Crude Oil
Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries more energy per litre than…
Crushed Stone
Rock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest tonnage humans move.
Diamond (Industrial)
Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug out of the ground.
Diatomite
Rock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on water.
Dimension Stone
Rock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold for what it looks like.
Dysprosium
A heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot.
Erbium
The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back into electricity.
Europium
The rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in every colour television.
Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite
The most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt at a workable…
Fluorspar
Calcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from — including the fluorine in…
Gadolinium
A rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier to read.
Gallium
A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast chargers, radar and LEDs.
Garnet (Industrial)
A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in waterjet cutting and…
Gemstones
Minerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity rather than on tonnage.
Germanium
The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and fibre-optic glass.