The Materials Atlas

全部 · 121 稀土元素 · 18 航空航天与国防材料 · 10 农业矿物 · 3 电池材料 · 5 铜与电气材料 · 4 能源原材料 · 7 工业矿物 · 35 核材料 · 5 贵金属 · 10 半导体材料 · 11 钢铁与合金金属 · 13

关键矿产 · 63 战略性 · 36 仅作为副产品 · 27 能源转型 · 26 建筑 · 25 国防 · 24 芯片供应链 · 17 可规模化回收 · 8 磁体供应链 · 8 食品供应链 · 6 电网供应链 · 2

排序: 大陆架名称全球产量储量美国进口依存度完整筛选器 → 元素周期表 →

121 所示材料。产量与储量均为 USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 2025年估计数据，按各商品来源定义的金属含量或毛重计 · 来源 ↗

横向滚动表格以查看其余列。

材料	大陆架	2025年全球产量	全球储量	主要生产国	美国进口量
Alumina 关键 A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium…	铜与电气材料	150,000thousand metric dry tons · Alumina, refinery production	—	—	71%
Aluminium 关键 A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite —…	铜与电气材料	74,000thousand metric tons · Smelter production	—	—	60%	Al
Antimony 关键 A brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer…	航空航天与国防材料	110,000metric tons · Mine production	2,000,000	China — 36% of world production	—	Sb
Argon Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from…	工业矿物	未公布	—	—	—	Ar
Arsenic 关键 Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind…	半导体材料	61,000metric tons · Production (arsenic trioxide, gross weight)	—	Peru — 49% of world production	100%	As
Asbestos A group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung…	工业矿物	960,000metric tons · Mine production	150,000,000	—	100%
Barite 关键 A very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow…	工业矿物	8,700thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	India — 34% of world production	75%
Bauxite 关键 A reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and…	铜与电气材料	440,000thousand metric dry tons · Bauxite, mine production	29,000,000	—	75%
Beryllium 关键 A very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust.	核材料	430.0metric tons · Mine production	—	United States — 53% of world production	—	Be
Bismuth 关键 A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders…	航空航天与国防材料	16,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	China — 88% of world production	92%	Bi
Boron 关键 An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and…	工业矿物	未公布	—	Turkey — W% of world production	—	B
Bromine The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water.	工业矿物	430,000metric tons · Production	—	—	25%	Br
Cadmium A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels…	钢铁与合金金属	23,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	—	25%	Cd
Caesium 关键 The softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second.	航空航天与国防材料	未公布	—	—	100%	Cs
Cement Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue…	工业矿物	3,800,000thousand metric tons · Cement production	—	—	21%
Cerium 关键 The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Ce
Chromium 关键 The element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel…	钢铁与合金金属	51,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	540,000	South Africa — 45% of world production	79%	Cr
Clays Soft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which…	工业矿物	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Bentonite, rounded	—	—	—
Cobalt 关键 A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that…	电池材料	310,000metric tons · Mine production	12,000,000	Congo (Kinshasa) — 74% of world production	79%	Co
Construction Sand & Gravel The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.	工业矿物	未公布	—	—	—
Copper 关键 The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans…	铜与电气材料	23,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	980,000	Chile — 23% of world production	—	Cu
Crude Oil Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries…	能源原材料	未公布	—	—	—
Crushed Stone Rock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest…	工业矿物	未公布	—	—	—
Diamond (Industrial) Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug…	工业矿物	38.00million carats · Mine production	1,700	—	—
Diatomite Rock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on…	工业矿物	2,500thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Dimension Stone Rock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold…	工业矿物	未公布	—	—	85%
Dysprosium 关键 A heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot.	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Dy
Erbium 关键 The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Er
Europium 关键 The rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Eu
Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite The most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt…	工业矿物	31,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	95%
Fluorspar 关键 Calcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from —…	工业矿物	10,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	330,000	China — 60% of world production	100%
Gadolinium 关键 A rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Gd
Gallium 关键 A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast…	半导体材料	900,000kilograms · Primary production	—	China — 100% of world production	100%	Ga
Garnet (Industrial) A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in…	工业矿物	730,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	71%
Gemstones Minerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity…	贵金属	69,000 thousands of carats · Mine production	2,000,000	—	99%
Germanium 关键 The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and…	半导体材料	未公布	—	China — NA% of world production	50%	Ge
Gold The metal that does not tarnish, does not corrode and never runs out once mined — which is why…	贵金属	3,300metric tons · Mine production	66,000	—	—	Au
Graphite 关键 Pure carbon in soft, slippery sheets — the same stuff as pencil lead — and the material that…	电池材料	1,800,000metric tons · Mine production	310,000,000	China — 78% of world production	100%	C
Gypsum A soft white rock that becomes plasterboard — the interior surface of most buildings in the…	工业矿物	160,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Hafnium 关键 Zirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and…	核材料	未公布	—	—	—	Hf
Helium The only element cold enough to keep an MRI magnet superconducting, and the only one light…	工业矿物	190.0million cubic meters · Helium Production	—	—	—	He
High-Purity Quartz Quartz sand so free of other elements that it can be melted into the crucible a silicon crystal…	半导体材料	未公布	—	—	—
Holmium 关键 The rare earth with the strongest magnetic moment of any element, used in the pole pieces of…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Ho
Indium 关键 A soft metal whose oxide is both transparent and electrically conductive — the invisible wiring…	半导体材料	1,100metric tons · Refinery production	—	China — 69% of world production	100%	In
Industrial Sand & Gravel Sand selected for what it is made of rather than what size it is — nearly pure quartz, for…	工业矿物	430,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Iodine A purple-black element that turns straight from solid to vapour, extracted from ancient nitrate…	工业矿物	34,000metric tons · Mine production	6,300,000	—	50%	I
Iridium 关键 The most corrosion-resistant metal known, and the second densest — a litre of it weighs about…	贵金属	未公布	—	—	—	Ir
Iron & Steel Iron with a little carbon in it, and the most-produced manufactured material on the planet.	钢铁与合金金属	360.0million metric tons · world iron slag production was estimated to be between 330 million and 390 million tons,	—	—	—
Iron & Steel Scrap Old steel collected to be melted into new steel — the largest recycling stream on the planet by…	钢铁与合金金属	未公布	—	—	—
Iron Ore Rust-coloured rock that is roughly one-third to two-thirds iron, and the single largest tonnage…	钢铁与合金金属	2,600,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: Usable ore, rounded	87,000	—	—	Fe
Iron Oxide Pigments Rust, refined — the reds, yellows, browns and blacks that have coloured paint and pottery since…	工业矿物	未公布	—	—	—
Krypton A rare noble gas, about one part per million of the air, separated only where enough air is…	半导体材料	110.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	—	—	93%	Kr
Kyanite & Related Minerals Blue-bladed crystals that expand rather than shrink when fired, which makes them the backbone…	工业矿物	未公布	—	—	—
Lanthanum 关键 The first of the rare earths, used by the tonne in the catalysts that crack crude oil into…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	La
Lead 关键 A soft, dense, blue-grey metal that blocks radiation and stores charge cheaply — and that is…	钢铁与合金金属	4,500thousand metric tons · Mine production	95,000	China — 42% of world production	—	Pb
Lime Limestone burned until it becomes quicklime — a chemical used to purify steel, treat water and…	工业矿物	420,000thousand metric tons · Production	—	—	—
Lithium 关键 A soft, silvery metal so light it floats on water, and the element that lets a rechargeable…	电池材料	290,000metric tons · Mine production	37,000,000	Australia — 32% of world production	50%	Li
Lutetium 关键 The last and densest rare earth, used in the crystals that detect gamma rays inside a PET…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Lu
Magnesium Compounds Magnesia and its relatives, made from magnesite rock or extracted from seawater, which survive…	工业矿物	21,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	7,800,000	—	59%
Magnesium Metal 关键 The lightest structural metal, about a third lighter than aluminium, and the ingredient that…	钢铁与合金金属	1,100thousand metric tons · Smelter production	—	—	75%	Mg
Manganese 关键 A brittle grey metal that steel cannot be made without, and that is now being used to stretch…	电池材料	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	1,700,000	South Africa — 37% of world production	100%	Mn
Mercury The only metal that is liquid at room temperature, and one of the most tightly regulated…	钢铁与合金金属	210.0metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—	Hg
Metallurgical Coal Coal of the specific quality that, when baked without air, turns into coke — the hard carbon…	能源原材料	未公布	—	—	—
Mica A mineral that splits into sheets so thin you can see through them, and that resists both heat…	工业矿物	未公布	—	—	—
Molybdenum A silvery metal added to steel so it keeps its strength at high temperature and under pressure.	钢铁与合金金属	260,000metric tons · Mine production	17,000	—	—	Mo
Natural Gas Mostly methane, the lightest hydrocarbon, and the source of nearly all the hydrogen used by…	能源原材料	未公布	—	—	—
Neodymium 关键 The rare earth at the heart of the strongest magnet ever made — the kind in headphones, hard…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Nd
Neon A noble gas so unreactive it forms no compounds at all, separated out of ordinary air in tiny…	半导体材料	800.0million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	—	—	52%	Ne
Nickel 关键 A silvery metal that resists rust, which is why it goes into stainless steel — and, more…	电池材料	3,900,000metric tons · Mine production	140,000,000	Indonesia — 67% of world production	41%	Ni
Niobium 关键 A metal that makes steel much stronger when added in tiny amounts — a few hundred grams per…	航空航天与国防材料	112,000metric tons · Mine production	21,000,000	—	100%	Nb
Nitrogen (Ammonia) Nitrogen pulled out of the air and joined to hydrogen under pressure — the invention that…	农业矿物	160,000thousand metric tons · Plant production	—	—	—	N
Oil Sands & Bitumen Sand soaked in oil so thick it will not flow — it has to be mined like ore or heated…	能源原材料	未公布	—	—	—
Osmium The densest naturally occurring element, and one of the least used — most of it sits unrefined…	贵金属	未公布	—	—	—	Os
Palladium 关键 Platinum's cheaper cousin for most of the twentieth century, then briefly more expensive than…	贵金属	190,000kilograms · Mine production: Palladium, rounded	—	Russia — 44% of world production	57%	Pd
Peat Half-rotted plant matter from waterlogged bogs — the first stage on the road from a swamp to a…	能源原材料	17,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	13,000,000	—	80%
Perlite A volcanic glass with water trapped inside it that pops like popcorn when heated, expanding to…	工业矿物	4,600thousand metric tons · Production	—	—	23%
Petroleum Coke The solid carbon left at the bottom of an oil refinery, and the raw material for both aluminium…	能源原材料	未公布	—	—	—
Phosphate Rock 关键 Rock full of the element phosphorus — the P in fertiliser, and now the P in the LFP batteries…	农业矿物	250,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	73,000,000	China — 44% of world production	—	P
Platinum 关键 A dense, unreactive metal that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed by them.	贵金属	170,000kilograms · Mine production: Platinum, rounded	—	South Africa — 71% of world production	89%	Pt
Platinum-Group Metals 关键 Six metals — platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium — that occur together…	贵金属	未公布	76,000,000	—	—
Potash 关键 Potassium salts mined from ancient dried-up seas — the K in NPK fertiliser, which plants need…	农业矿物	49,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	10,000,000	Canada — 31% of world production	92%	K
Praseodymium 关键 Neodymium's near-twin, so alike that magnet makers usually do not bother separating the two and…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Pr
Promethium The one rare earth with no stable form at all — every atom of it is radioactive and decays…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Pm
Pumice & Pumicite Volcanic froth — rock so full of gas bubbles that it floats — quarried for lightweight concrete…	工业矿物	20,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Rare Earths (all) 关键 A family of seventeen metals that are not actually rare in the ground, but are hard to separate…	稀土元素	390,000metric tons · Mine production	85,000,000	—	—
Rhenium 关键 One of the rarest metals in the crust, recovered from molybdenum roasting, and the ingredient…	航空航天与国防材料	81,000kilograms · Mine production	—	Chile — 37% of world production	75%	Re
Rhodium 关键 The rarest of the metals traded in any volume, produced in tens of tonnes a year, and the only…	贵金属	未公布	—	—	—	Rh
Rubidium 关键 Caesium's cheaper neighbour, recovered from the same rare deposits, and the basis of the atomic…	航空航天与国防材料	未公布	—	—	100%	Rb
Ruthenium 关键 A hard platinum-group metal used in tiny quantities inside hard drives and increasingly in chip…	贵金属	未公布	—	—	—	Ru
Salt Sodium chloride — the seasoning on a table, and the feedstock for the chlorine and caustic soda…	工业矿物	270,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	31%
Samarium 关键 The rare earth in the magnet that works where neodymium cannot: very hot, or very cold, or in a…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Sm
Scandium 关键 A light metal that makes aluminium dramatically stronger and weldable — and which is produced…	稀土元素	80.00metric tons · global production	—	China — NA% of world production	100%	Sc
Selenium An element recovered from copper refinery slimes, used in glass, in animal feed and in…	钢铁与合金金属	3,800metric tons · Refinery production	—	—	50%	Se
Silicon 关键 The second-most-common element in the Earth's crust — ordinary sand — purified until only one…	半导体材料	5,000thousand metric tons · Ferrosilicon	—	China — 87% of world production	—	Si
Silicon Carbide & Abrasives Man-made grit — silicon carbide and fused alumina — harder than almost every natural mineral…	工业矿物	未公布	—	—	—
Silver 关键 The best electrical conductor there is, and the metal that has been used as money for longer…	贵金属	26,000metric tons · Mine production	610,000	Mexico — 24% of world production	77%	Ag
Soda Ash Sodium carbonate, mined from trona rock or made from salt, and the second ingredient in almost…	工业矿物	19,000thousand metric tons · Mine production: natural, rounded	25,000,000	—	—
Strontium A soft metal whose salts burn bright red, which is why every red firework contains it.	工业矿物	450,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	100%	Sr
Sulfur A yellow element stripped out of oil and gas to stop it polluting, then turned into sulfuric…	工业矿物	84,000thousand metric tons · Production, all forms	—	—	—	S
Talc & Pyrophyllite The softest mineral there is — a fingernail scratches it — used as a filler that makes plastics…	工业矿物	6,900thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Tantalum 关键 A dense metal whose oxide layer stores charge extremely reliably, which is why it is in the…	航空航天与国防材料	2,500metric tons · Mine production	—	Congo (Kinshasa) — 52% of world production	100%	Ta
Tellurium 关键 A brittle, silvery element recovered from the slime at the bottom of a copper refinery tank…	半导体材料	1,000metric tons · Refinery production	—	China — 80% of world production	25%	Te
Terbium 关键 The scarcest of the four magnet rare earths, used in tiny quantities to make a magnet survive…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Tb
Thallium A soft, extremely toxic metal recovered in tiny amounts from smelter dusts.	半导体材料	未公布	—	—	—	Tl
Thermal Coal Coal burned to make steam and therefore electricity — still, despite everything, one of the…	能源原材料	未公布	—	—	—
Thorium A weakly radioactive metal three to four times more common than uranium, which can be bred into…	核材料	未公布	—	—	—	Th
Thulium 关键 The least abundant stable rare earth, used in portable X-ray sources and in surgical lasers.	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Tm
Tin 关键 A soft metal with a low melting point, which is why nearly every electrical joint in every…	钢铁与合金金属	290,000metric tons · Mine production	6,000,000	China — 24% of world production	—	Sn
Titanium 关键 A metal as strong as steel at about half the weight, which does not corrode in seawater or in…	航空航天与国防材料	370,000metric tons · Titanium sponge metal production	—	—	—	Ti
Titanium Mineral Concentrates 关键 Black beach sand — ilmenite and rutile — that is the starting point both for titanium metal and…	航空航天与国防材料	9,400thousand metric tons · Mine production: ilmenite, rounded	490,000	—	88%
Tungsten 关键 The metal with the highest melting point of them all — you can heat it to 3,400 C before it…	航空航天与国防材料	85,000metric tons · Mine production	4,700,000	China — 79% of world production	50%	W
Uranium A heavy, faintly radioactive metal whose nucleus can be split, releasing about two million…	核材料	未公布	—	—	—	U
Vanadium 关键 A metal that makes rebar dramatically stronger in tiny doses, and that can also store…	钢铁与合金金属	110,000metric tons · Mine production	21,000	China — 75% of world production	41%	V
Vermiculite A mica-like mineral that unfolds into a concertina when heated, becoming light, fireproof and…	工业矿物	460.0thousand metric tons · Mine production	—	—	25%
Wollastonite A needle-shaped white mineral used as a safe replacement for asbestos fibre in brakes, boards…	工业矿物	860,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Xenon The rarest stable gas in the atmosphere — under one part in ten million — and the heaviest…	半导体材料	12.00million liters · Rare gases production, (million liters)	—	—	98%	Xe
Ytterbium 关键 A rare earth used in the fibre lasers that cut steel in factories, and in some of the most…	稀土元素	未公布	—	—	—	Yb
Yttrium 关键 Counted as a rare earth even though it sits elsewhere on the periodic table, because it behaves…	稀土元素	12,500metric tons · mine production of Y2O3 equivalent contained in rare-earth mineral concentrates	—	China — NA% of world production	100%	Y
Zeolites (Natural) Minerals full of molecule-sized cages that trap specific ions and gases and let everything else…	工业矿物	1,300,000metric tons · Mine production	—	—	—
Zinc 关键 The metal that steel is dipped in so it does not rust — a sacrificial coating that corrodes…	钢铁与合金金属	13,000thousand metric tons · Mine production	240,000	China — 32% of world production	—	Zn
Zirconium 关键 A metal that barely absorbs neutrons, which is why nuclear fuel rods are wrapped in it, and…	核材料	1,200thousand metric tons · Zirconium mineral concentrates, mine production (thousand metric tons, gross weight)	70,000	—	—	Zr

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Alumina

A fine white powder of aluminium oxide, the halfway product between bauxite rock and aluminium metal.

铜与电气材料

Aluminium

A light silvery metal made by passing an enormous electric current through dissolved bauxite — which is why people call…

铜与电气材料Al

Antimony

A brittle, silvery metalloid used mostly to stop things burning, and in the primers and tracer rounds of ammunition.

航空航天与国防材料Sb

Argon

Almost one percent of the air you are breathing, and the cheapest way to keep oxygen away from hot metal.

工业矿物Ar

Arsenic

Famous as a poison, but in ultra-pure form it is half of gallium arsenide, the compound behind high-frequency radio…

半导体材料As

Asbestos

A group of naturally fibrous minerals that are strong, fireproof, cheap — and cause fatal lung disease decades after…

工业矿物

Barite

A very heavy, soft mineral used mostly to weigh down drilling mud so an oil well does not blow out.

工业矿物

Bauxite

A reddish soil-like rock, formed where tropical rain has rotted rock for millions of years, and the only ore aluminium…

铜与电气材料

Beryllium

A very light, very stiff metal that is transparent to X-rays and dangerous to breathe as dust.

核材料Be

Bismuth

A heavy metal that is, unusually, not very toxic — which is why it replaces lead in solders, plumbing brass and stomach…

航空航天与国防材料Bi

Boron

An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and neodymium — the strongest…

工业矿物B

Bromine

The only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature, pulled out of very salty water.

工业矿物Br

Cadmium

A toxic soft metal recovered from zinc refining, now used mainly in thin-film solar panels rather than in the batteries…

钢铁与合金金属Cd

Caesium

The softest metal, liquid on a warm day, and the element that defines the second.

航空航天与国防材料Cs

Cement

Powdered limestone and clay cooked at 1,450 C, which sets hard when mixed with water — the glue that holds concrete…

工业矿物

Cerium

The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a polishing powder and in…

稀土元素Ce

Chromium

The element that makes stainless steel stainless — at about eleven percent chromium, steel grows an invisible film that…

钢铁与合金金属Cr

Clays

Soft, fine-grained rock made of microscopic plates that slide over each other when wet — which is why it can be shaped…

工业矿物

Cobalt

A hard, bluish metal that keeps a battery's cathode stable so it does not overheat, and that holds its strength when…

电池材料Co

Construction Sand & Gravel

The most-mined material on Earth by weight, and the one nobody thinks of as mining.

工业矿物

Copper

The reddish metal that carries electricity better than anything except silver, and which humans have been smelting for…

铜与电气材料Cu

Crude Oil

Ancient marine plankton, cooked underground for millions of years into a liquid that carries more energy per litre than…

能源原材料

Crushed Stone

Rock blasted and broken to size — limestone, granite, trap rock — and, with sand, the largest tonnage humans move.

工业矿物

Diamond (Industrial)

Diamond used not as a gem but as a cutting edge — most of it grown in a press rather than dug out of the ground.

工业矿物

Diatomite

Rock made from the glass skeletons of microscopic algae, so porous that a lump of it floats on water.

工业矿物

Dimension Stone

Rock cut into blocks and slabs rather than crushed — granite, marble, limestone, slate — sold for what it looks like.

工业矿物

Dysprosium

A heavy rare earth added in small amounts to magnets so they keep working when they get hot.

稀土元素Dy

Erbium

The rare earth that amplifies light inside a fibre-optic cable without ever turning it back into electricity.

稀土元素Er

Europium

The rare earth that glows red under ultraviolet light, and which for decades put the red in every colour television.

稀土元素Eu

Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite

The most abundant mineral group in the crust, used as the flux that lets glass and ceramic melt at a workable…

工业矿物

Fluorspar

Calcium fluoride, the mineral that every fluorine atom in industry ultimately comes from — including the fluorine in…

工业矿物

Gadolinium

A rare earth that absorbs neutrons better than almost anything, and that makes MRI scans easier to read.

稀土元素Gd

Gallium

A silvery metal that melts in your hand, and the basis of the compound semiconductors in fast chargers, radar and LEDs.

半导体材料Ga

Garnet (Industrial)

A hard, sharp-edged mineral more familiar as a gemstone, used industrially as the grit in waterjet cutting and…

工业矿物

Gemstones

Minerals people want because of how they look — hardness, clarity and colour, priced on rarity rather than on tonnage.

贵金属

Germanium

The element the very first transistors were made from, now used mainly for infrared lenses and fibre-optic glass.

半导体材料Ge

图集中的每种材料

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Alumina

Aluminium

Antimony

Argon

Arsenic

Asbestos

Barite

Bauxite

Beryllium

Bismuth

Boron

Bromine

Cadmium

Caesium

Cement

Cerium

Chromium

Clays

Cobalt

Construction Sand & Gravel

Copper

Crude Oil

Crushed Stone

Diamond (Industrial)

Diatomite

Dimension Stone

Dysprosium

Erbium

Europium

Feldspar & Nepheline Syenite

Fluorspar

Gadolinium

Gallium

Garnet (Industrial)

Gemstones

Germanium

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