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100%
of the world's gallium comes out of China
Mine production, 2025 · USGS
88%
of the world's bismuth comes out of China
Mine production, 2025 · USGS
87%
of the world's silicon comes out of China
Mine production, 2025 · USGS
14
materials the United States imports every single gram of
Net import reliance, 2025 · USGS
27
materials nobody mines on purpose — they arrive as somebody else's by-product
Editorial classification
1,000,000 litres
becomes 8 kg of contained lithium
Worked example · follow it step by step
1,000 tonnes
becomes 1.6 tonnes of finished sintered magnet
Worked example · follow it step by step
1,000 tonnes
becomes 250 tonnes of primary aluminium
Worked example · follow it step by step
200 tonnes
becomes 25 tonnes of enriched fuel
Worked example · follow it step by step
0.2–0.3 kg
of neodymium in one NdFeB Permanent Magnet, per kg of finished magnet
Indicative range · see the basis
100–200 kg
of neodymium in one Direct-Drive Offshore Wind Turbine, per MW of capacity
Indicative range · see the basis
6–9 kg
of lithium in one NMC Lithium-Ion Battery, per 75 kWh pack
Indicative range · see the basis
Tutto è un'unica filiera
Tutte le filiere →Le stesse nove fasi stanno alla base di quasi ogni prodotto fisico. Eccole per il rame — fare clic su una fase qualsiasi per vederne il contenuto.
-
01Materia prima
Che cos'è e dove si trova nel sottosuolo
Rame nel sottosuolo — qui come malachite verde
-
02Giacimento
Il minerale che lo contiene effettivamente
Calcopirite, il più importante minerale di rame
-
03Miniera
Chi lo estrae e come
Escondida, Cile — la più grande miniera di rame al mondo per produzione
-
04Lavorazione
Frantumazione, flottazione, fusione
La flottazione per schiumazione separa i minerali di rame dalla roccia sterile
-
05Raffinazione
Raggiungere una purezza utilizzabile
Anodi di rame in viaggio verso la raffineria
-
06Componente
Il componente in cui diventa
Avvolgimenti di rame all'interno di un motore elettrico
-
07Prodotto
Il prodotto che si può acquistare
Un'automobile elettrica
-
08Mercato finale
Chi ne ha bisogno e perché
Reti elettriche
-
09Azienda
Chi possiede gli asset
La sede di BHP a Melbourne — BHP gestisce Escondida
Una tonnellata di rame, da una miniera cilena a un filo conduttore — minerale allo 0,5%, un impianto di fusione su un altro continente, e l'oro e il tellurio che emergono lungo il processo. Seguila →
Segui un lotto, confine per confine
Tutti i percorsi →Il greggio extra-pesante venezuelano e l'Arab Light saudita sono entrambi «petrolio», eppure solo uno dei due può essere raffinato pressoché ovunque. Scegli un materiale, scegli il luogo di estrazione e osserva chi lo detiene a ogni confine.
Venezuelan extra-heavy crude to diesel, asphalt and aluminium anodes
Oil so thick it will not flow down a pipe, and cannot be refined by most refineries on Earth.
Saudi Arab Light to petrol, almost anywhere
The same commodity, a fraction of the effort — because of what the molecule is.
Alberta oil sands: mined like ore, refined like oil
The only oil in the world that is dug up with a shovel and graded like an orebody.
Chilean brine to a battery in a car
The ore is water. The first year and a half of processing is done by the sun, for free.
Australian spodumene to a battery, the fast way
Eight weeks instead of eighteen months, at the cost of a great deal more energy.
New Caledonian laterite to stainless steel
An island that smelts its own ore, and pays for it with the most expensive electricity in the industry.
Indonesian laterite to a battery cathode
A country that banned raw ore exports and built the processing industry instead.
Chilean sulfide concentrate to Chinese cathode to a wire
Chile mines the most copper in the world. China refines the most. Those are not the same sentence.
O percorri le stesse catene senza le frontiere
Materiali di cui il mondo è carente
L'elenco completo dei minerali critici →Indicatore di criticità come designato nel USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Le quote dei principali produttori sono stime 2025 tratte dalla stessa fonte.
Lithium
A soft, silvery metal so light it floats on water, and the element that lets a rechargeable battery store a lot of energy for…
Hafnium
Zirconium's chemical shadow — always found with it, almost impossible to separate from it, and the opposite of it in a reactor…
Praseodymium
Neodymium's near-twin, so alike that magnet makers usually do not bother separating the two and sell them together as didymium.
Niobium
A metal that makes steel much stronger when added in tiny amounts — a few hundred grams per tonne changes the whole alloy.
Palladium
Platinum's cheaper cousin for most of the twentieth century, then briefly more expensive than gold because petrol cars need it.
Holmium
The rare earth with the strongest magnetic moment of any element, used in the pole pieces of the most powerful laboratory…
Boron
An element that makes glass resist thermal shock, fibreglass strong, and — with iron and neodymium — the strongest magnets…
Cerium
The most abundant rare earth — more common in the crust than copper — mostly used as a polishing powder and in catalytic…
Tre modi per iniziare
Esplora i dati
Un milione di auto elettriche richiederebbe il 4,4% della produzione mondiale annua di grafite.
Scegli una tecnologia e una quantità qualsiasi, e confronta il fabbisogno di materiali con l'offerta mondiale.
Apri il calcolatore →
Visualizza il quadro completo
77 elementi sono materie prime scambiate sui mercati. Il resto della tavola periodica non lo è.
Quali elementi utilizza davvero l'economia — e, altrettanto utile, quali non utilizza.
Apri la tavola periodica →
Chiedi pure
"Quali paesi controllano la produzione di cobalto?"
Risposta ricavata esclusivamente da questo sito, con il periodo di riferimento e le pagine da cui proviene. Non fa supposizioni.
Interroga i dati →
Ultimi aggiornamenti
Tutte le notizie →Titoli e sintesi da editori nominati, ciascuno con collegamento all'originale. Non ripubblichiamo articoli.
US Department of Energy names helium to critical materials list
Global demand for helium is growing faster than production, increasing supply risks for American manufacturers, DOE said.
Bannerman pulls trigger on $353M uranium mine
Construction on the Etango uranium project in Namibia approved, with funding secured without project debt and first production targeted for 2028.
Why Trump and Carney Haven’t Touched Energy in Their Tariff War
The United States and Canada are locked in an energy trade war – sort of. Although United States President Donald Trump and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney have lobbed plenty of…
White House says the US is lifting tariffs on some Canadian goods
Susan Collins, a Republican in a tight race to keep her senate seat in next month's elections, said she had been working with the White House on tariff relief.
Newmont prices Red Chris expansion at up to $4.8B
Newmont (NYSE, ASX: NEM) put a price of up to $4.8 billion (C$6.4 billion) on taking its Red Chris copper-gold mine underground in British Columbia, with commercial production targeted…
Lithium’s $100B question: Who will build 134 new mines?
Global lithium demand is expected to more than triple by 2050, equivalent to the output of 134 new mines and more than $100 billion (C$139.8 billion) in investment before accounting... The…
New Found Gold doubles Queensway valuation to $1.7B
New Found Gold (TSX, NYSE-A: NFGC) has more than doubled the projected value of its Queensway gold project in Newfoundland to C$1.73 billion while expanding measured and indicated resources…
Southern Copper weighs $680M Cuajone expansion
Southern Copper (NYSE, BVL: SCCO) is evaluating a $680-million (C$950.6 million) expansion of its Cuajone mine in southern Peru to counter declining ore grades and improve efficiency as the…
Fotografie in questa pagina · 50
- TWIN-BUTTES MINE. AERIAL OF OPEN PIT MINE, 1,000 FEET DEEP. (FROM THE D… · Cornelius M. Keyes · Public domain
- Big truck looks small in an open pit mine.jpg · Rob and Stephanie Levy from Townsville, Australia · CC BY 2.0
- Quartz, malachite.jpg · Géry PARENT · Public domain
- Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Siderite. Friedrich Wilhelm mine, Herdorf, Westph… · Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Escondida Copper Mine, Atacama Desert, Chile 2009-12-09 lrg.jpg · The image was taken by the the Expedition 22 crew. · Public domain
- Prominenthill-flotation.jpg · Geomartin · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Train with anodes in Pori (1).jpg · Joe K. · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Stator Winding of a BLDC Motor.jpg · Medvedev · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Electric car charging at a station during the day with the charging cab… · Shixart1985 · CC BY 2.0
- Transmission tower of a high-voltage overhead powerlines File 022.jpg · Novoklimov · CC BY 4.0
- 171 Collins Street Melbourne.jpg · HappyWaldo · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Orinoco Oil Belt.png · Christopher J. Schenk · Public domain
- Saudi Aramco oil pipe lines,Jubail - panoramio.jpg · Suresh Babunair · CC BY 3.0
- Members of Medical Survey Gorup watch shovel in operation loading overb… · Russell Lee · Public domain
- Lithium Ponds of Chile's Salar de Atacama (SVS15006).jpg · NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio - SSAI/R… · Public domain
- Brockman 4 open pit after blast, September 2018.jpg · Calistemon · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Camp minier goro nouvelle caledonie.jpg · Barsamuphe · CC BY 3.0
- A part of nickel industry in Kolaka, South East Sulawesi Province.jpg · Famhar1968 · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Chuquicamata copper mine - Chuquicamata-Kupfermine.jpg · Alexander Gerst · CC BY-SA 2.0
- Plastic bottle containing gallium metal.JPG · Pixelmaniac pictures ( Leave a reply ) · CC0
- Bismuth crystal Créer le cristal n01.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
- Wafer 20110212.jpg · Sangitiana Fararano · CC BY-SA 2.0
- CSIRO ScienceImage 8217 A bulk carrier entering Port Hunter Newcastle N… · Nick Pitsas, CSIRO · CC BY 3.0
- US Navy 090715-N-5821P-002 Aviation Support Equipment Technician Airman… · U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialis… · Public domain
- Electric car charging point, Wetherby service station (30th November 20… · Mtaylor848 · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wheel hub motor of an electric kick scooter, sidepanel removed (2022).jpg · Andrez1 · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Detailed view of a cross-section of a modern window frame shows multipl… · Shixart1985 · CC BY 2.0
- Clementine reactor core.jpg · E. T. Jurney · Public domain
- 4 Neodymium magnets from hard disks-6175.jpg · Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Nacelle of Wind Turbine 01.jpg · Σ64 · CC BY 4.0
- Lithium Ion Battery Cell - Cylindrical Cell, Prismatic Cell, Pouch Cell.png · CRBAman · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Spodumene Nuristan Créer le cristal.jpg · Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart · CC BY 4.0
- Hafnium (Element - 72) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
- Praseodymium (Element - 59) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
- 2024 Artsy Niobium Cavity - Flickr - Jefferson Lab.jpg · Jefferson Lab from Newport News, USA · Public domain
- Palladium (Element - 46) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
- Holmium shards.jpg · brainandforce · CC0
- Borax crystals.jpg · Aram Dulyan ( User:Aramgutang ) · Public domain
- Cerium (Element - 58) 2.jpg · James St. John · CC BY 2.0
- Minerals in the Indian Museum, Kolkata 05.jpg · Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center - Museum - Exhibition Nature theatre 06 -… · Photographer: Henk Caspers/Naturalis · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Drill core repository - Geological and Mining Institute of Spain 03.JPG · PePeEfe · CC BY-SA 4.0
- ISS Magnet.jpg · Ordan, Julien Marius · CC BY 4.0
- Uranium ore and "yellowcake" uranium concentrate at the Greifswald Nucl… · Siarhei Besarab · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Photovoltaic Panels Reap Solar Energy on Farms (20240809-USDA-RD-DCK-03… · USDAgov · Public domain
- World mirror relief map ru.png · World_mirror_relief_map.png : Das steinerne Her… · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Krolewska Huta Prezydent mine headframe.jpg · Aleksander Siermontowski (1889-1942) · Public domain
- Recycled plastic core trays solar energy - PCT Plastic Core Trays.jpg · Enkaseo · CC0
- AZ Gold Nugget Quartz.jpg · Bryan Barnes · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Chalcopyrite botroïdale.jpg · Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 3.0
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